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# Bugzilla::Object

- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- CONSTANTS
- METHODS
  - Constructors
  - Database Manipulation
  - Mutators
  - Simple Validators
- CLASS FUNCTIONS

# NAME

Bugzilla::Object - A base class for objects in Bugzilla.

# SYNOPSIS

     my $object = new Bugzilla::Object(1);
     my $object = new Bugzilla::Object({name => 'TestProduct'});

     my $id          = $object->id;
     my $name        = $object->name;

# DESCRIPTION

Bugzilla::Object is a base class for Bugzilla objects. You never actually create a Bugzilla::Object directly, you only make subclasses of it.

Basically, Bugzilla::Object exists to allow developers to create objects more easily. All you have to do is define `DB_TABLE`, `DB_COLUMNS`, and sometimes `LIST_ORDER` and you have a whole new object.

You should also define accessors for any columns other than `name` or `id`.

# CONSTANTS

Frequently, these will be the only things you have to define in your subclass in order to have a fully-functioning object. `DB_TABLE` and `DB_COLUMNS` are required.

`DB_TABLE`

  The name of the table that these objects are stored in. For example, for `Bugzilla::Keyword` this would be `keyworddefs`.

`DB_COLUMNS`

  The names of the columns that you want to read out of the database and into this object. This should be an array.

  Note: Though normally you will never need to access this constant's data directly in your subclass, if you do, you should access it by calling the `_get_db_columns` method instead of accessing the constant directly. (The only exception to this rule is calling `SUPER::DB_COLUMNS` from within your own `DB_COLUMNS` subroutine in a subclass.)

`NAME_FIELD`

  The name of the column that should be considered to be the unique "name" of this object. The 'name' is a string that uniquely identifies this Object in the database. Defaults to 'name'. When you specify `{name =` $name}> to `new()`, this is the column that will be matched against in the DB.

`ID_FIELD`

  The name of the column that represents the unique integer ID of this object in the database. Defaults to 'id'.

`LIST_ORDER`

  The order that `new_from_list` and `get_all` should return objects in. This should be the name of a database column. Defaults to "NAME_FIELD".

`VALIDATORS`

  A hashref that points to a function that will validate each param to "create".

  Validators are called both by "create" and "set". When they are called by "create", the first argument will be the name of the class (what we normally call `$class`).

  When they are called by "set", the first argument will be a reference to the current object (what we normally call `$self`).

  The second argument will be the value passed to "create" or "set"for that field.

  The third argument will be the name of the field being validated. This may be required by validators which validate several distinct fields.

  These functions should call "ThrowUserError" in Bugzilla::Error if they fail.

  The validator must return the validated value.

`UPDATE_VALIDATORS`

  This is just like "VALIDATORS", but these validators are called only when updating an object, not when creating it. Any validator that appears here must not appear in "VALIDATORS".

  Bugzilla::Bug has good examples in its code of when to use this.

`VALIDATOR_DEPENDENCIES`

  During "create" and "set_all", validators are normally called in a somewhat-random order. If you need one field to be validated and set before another field, this constant is how you do it, by saying that one field "depends" on the value of other fields.

  This is a hashref, where the keys are field names and the values are arrayrefs of field names. You specify what fields a field depends on using the arrayrefs. So, for example, to say that a `component` field depends on the `product` field being set, you would do:

       component => ['product']

`UPDATE_COLUMNS`

  A list of columns to update when "update" is called. If a field can't be changed, it shouldn't be listed here. (For example, the "ID_FIELD" usually can't be updated.)

`REQUIRED_FIELD_MAP`

  This is a hashref that maps database column names to "create" argument names. You only need to specify values for fields where the argument passed to "create" has a different name in the database than it does in the "create" arguments. (For example, "create" in Bugzilla::Bug takes a `product` argument, but the column name in the `bugs` table is `product_id`.)

`EXTRA_REQUIRED_FIELDS`

  Normally, Bugzilla::Object automatically figures out which fields are required for "create". It then always runs those fields' validators, even if those fields weren't passed as arguments to "create". That way, any default values or required checks can be done for those fields by the validators.

  "create" figures out which fields are required by looking for database columns in the "DB_TABLE" that are NOT NULL and have no DEFAULT set. However, there are some fields that this check doesn't work for:

  - Fields that have database defaults (or are marked NULL in the database) but actually have different defaults specified by validators. (For example, the qa_contact field in the `bugs` table can be NULL, so it won't be caught as being required. However, in reality it defaults to the component's initial_qa_contact.)
  - Fields that have defaults that should be set by validators, but are actually stored in a table different from "DB_TABLE" (like the "cc" field for bugs, which defaults to the "initialcc" of the Component, but won't be caught as a normal required field because it's in a separate table.)

  Any field matching the above criteria needs to have its name listed in this constant. For an example of use, see the code of Bugzilla::Bug.

`NUMERIC_COLUMNS`

  When "update" is called, it compares each column in the object to its current value in the database. It only updates columns that have changed.

  Any column listed in NUMERIC_COLUMNS is treated as a number, not as a string, during these comparisons.

`DATE_COLUMNS`

  This is much like "NUMERIC_COLUMNS", except that it treats strings as dates when being compared. So, for example, `2007-01-01` would be equal to `2007-01-01 00:00:00`.

# METHODS

## Constructors

`new`
  Description

    The constructor is used to load an existing object from the database, by id or by name.

  Params

    If you pass an integer, the integer is the id of the object, from the database, that we want to read in. (id is defined as the value in the "ID_FIELD" column).

    If you pass in a hashref, you can pass a `name` key. The value of the `name` key is the case-insensitive name of the object (from "NAME_FIELD") in the DB. You can also pass in an `id` key which will be interpreted as the id of the object you want (overriding the `name` key).

    Additional Parameters Available for Subclasses

    If you are a subclass of `Bugzilla::Object`, you can pass `condition` and `values` as hash keys, instead of the above.

    `condition` is a set of SQL conditions for the WHERE clause, which contain placeholders.

    `values` is a reference to an array. The array contains the values for each placeholder in `condition`, in order.

    This is to allow subclasses to have complex parameters, and then to translate those parameters into `condition` and `values` when they call `$self-`SUPER::new> (which is this function, usually).

    If you try to call `new` outside of a subclass with the `condition` and `values` parameters, Bugzilla will throw an error. These parameters are intended only for use by subclasses.

  Returns

    A fully-initialized object, or `undef` if there is no object in the database matching the parameters you passed in.

`check`
  Description

    Checks if there is an object in the database with the specified name, and throws an error if you specified an empty name, or if there is no object in the database with that name.

  Params

    The parameters are the same as for "new", except that if you don't pass a hashref, the single argument is the name of the object, not the id.

  Returns

    A fully initialized object, guaranteed.

  Notes For Implementors

    If you implement this in your subclass, make sure that you also update the `object_name` block at the bottom of the global/user-error.html.tmpl template.

`new_from_list(\@id_list)`

       Description: Creates an array of objects, given an array of ids.

       Params:      \@id_list - A reference to an array of numbers, database ids.
                                If any of these are not numeric, the function
                                will throw an error. If any of these are not
                                valid ids in the database, they will simply
                                be skipped.

       Returns:     A reference to an array of objects.

`match`
  Description

    Gets a list of objects from the database based on certain criteria.

    Basically, a simple way of doing a sort of "SELECT" statement (like SQL) to get objects.

    All criteria are joined by `AND`, so adding more criteria will give you a smaller set of results, not a larger set.

  Params

    A hashref, where the keys are column names of the table, pointing to the value that you want to match against for that column.

    There are two special values, the constants `NULL` and `NOT_NULL`, which means "give me objects where this field is NULL or NOT NULL, respectively."

    In addition to the column keys, there are a few special keys that can be used to rig the underlying database queries. These are `LIMIT`, `OFFSET`, and `WHERE`.

    The value for the `LIMIT` key is expected to be an integer defining the number of objects to return, while the value for `OFFSET` defines the position, relative to the number of objects the query would normally return, at which to begin the result set. If `OFFSET` is defined without a corresponding `LIMIT` it is silently ignored.

    The `WHERE` key provides a mechanism for adding arbitrary WHERE clauses to the underlying query. Its value is expected to a hash reference whose keys are the columns, operators and placeholders, and the values are the placeholders' bind value. For example:

         WHERE => { 'some_column >= ?' => $some_value }

    would constrain the query to only those objects in the table whose 'some_column' column has a value greater than or equal to $some_value.

    If you don't specify any criteria, calling this function is the same as doing `[$class->get_all]`.

  Returns

    An arrayref of objects, or an empty arrayref if there are no matches.

## Database Manipulation

`create`

  Description: Creates a new item in the database. Throws a User Error if any of the passed-in params are invalid.

  Params: `$params` - hashref - A value to put in each database field for this object.

  Returns: The Object just created in the database.

  Notes: In order for this function to work in your subclass, your subclass's "ID_FIELD" must be of `SERIAL` type in the database.

                   Subclass Implementors: This function basically just
                   calls L</check_required_create_fields>, then
                   L</run_create_validators>, and then finally
                   L</insert_create_data>. So if you have a complex system that
                   you need to implement, you can do it by calling these
                   three functions instead of C<SUPER::create>.

`check_required_create_fields`
  Description

    Part of "create". Modifies the incoming `$params` argument so that any field that does not have a database default will be checked later by "run_create_validators", even if that field wasn't specified as an argument to "create".

  Params
    `$params` - The same as `$params` from "create".
  Returns (nothing)
`run_create_validators`

  Description: Runs the validation of input parameters for "create". This subroutine exists so that it can be overridden by subclasses who need to do special validations of their input parameters. This method is only called by "create".

  Params: The same as "create".

  Returns: A hash, in a similar format as `$params`, except that these are the values to be inserted into the database, not the values that were input to "create".

`insert_create_data`

  Part of "create".

  Takes the return value from "run_create_validators" and inserts the data into the database. Returns a newly created object.

`update`
  Description

    Saves the values currently in this object to the database. Only the fields specified in "UPDATE_COLUMNS" will be updated, and they will only be updated if their values have changed.

  Params (none)
  Returns

    In scalar context:

    A hashref showing what changed during the update. The keys are the column names from "UPDATE_COLUMNS". If a field was not changed, it will not be in the hash at all. If the field was changed, the key will point to an arrayref. The first item of the arrayref will be the old value, and the second item will be the new value.

    If there were no changes, we return a reference to an empty hash.

    In array context:

    Returns a list, where the first item is the above hashref. The second item is the object as it was in the database before update() was called. (This is mostly useful to subclasses of `Bugzilla::Object` that are implementing `update`.)

`remove_from_db`

  Removes this object from the database. Will throw an error if you can't remove it for some reason. The object will then be destroyed, as it is not safe to use the object after it has been removed from the database.

## Mutators

These are used for updating the values in objects, before calling `update`.

`set`
  Description

    Sets a certain hash member of this class to a certain value. Used for updating fields. Calls the validator for this field, if it exists. Subclasses should use this function to implement the various `set_` mutators for their different fields.

    If your class defines a method called `_set_global_validator`, `set` will call it with `($value, $field)` as arguments, after running the validator for this particular field. `_set_global_validator` does not return anything.

    See "VALIDATORS" for more information.

    NOTE: This function is intended only for use by subclasses. If you call it from anywhere else, it will throw a `CodeError`.

  Params
    `$field` - The name of the hash member to update. This should be the same as the name of the field in "VALIDATORS", if it exists there.
    `$value` - The value that you're setting the field to.
  Returns (nothing)
`set_all`
  Description

    This is a convenience function which is simpler than calling many different `set_` functions in a row. You pass a hashref of parameters and it calls `set_$key($value)` for every item in the hashref.

  Params

    Takes a hashref of the fields that need to be set, pointing to the value that should be passed to the `set_` function that is called.

  Returns (nothing)

## Simple Validators

You can use these in your subclass "VALIDATORS" or "UPDATE_VALIDATORS". Note that you have to reference them like `\&Bugzilla::Object::check_boolean`, you can't just write `\&check_boolean`.

`check_boolean`

  Returns `1` if the passed-in value is true, `0` otherwise.

# CLASS FUNCTIONS

`any_exist`

  Returns `1` if there are any of these objects in the database, `0` otherwise.

`get_all`

       Description: Returns all objects in this table from the database.

       Params:      none.

       Returns:     A list of objects, or an empty list if there are none.

       Notes:       Note that you must call this as C<$class->get_all>. For
                    example, C<Bugzilla::Keyword->get_all>.
                    C<Bugzilla::Keyword::get_all> will not work.

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