====================================
 Installing the Horde 3.3 Framework
====================================

:Last update:   $Date: 2010/04/05 15:55:59 $
:Revision:      $Revision: 1.90.6.24 $
:Contact:       horde@lists.horde.org

.. contents:: Contents
.. section-numbering::

This document contains instructions for installing the Horde Framework on your
system.

The Horde Framework, by itself, does not provide any significant end user
functionality; it provides a base for other applications and tools for
developers. When you have installed Horde as described below, you will
probably want to install some of the available Horde applications, such as
IMP_ (a webmail client), or Kronolith_ (a calendar). There is a list of Horde
applications and projects at http://www.horde.org/projects.php.

If you are interested in developing applications for Horde, there is developer
documentation and references available at http://dev.horde.org/, and some
tutorials and papers on Horde available at http://www.horde.org/papers/.

For information on the capabilities and features of Horde, see the file
README_ in the top-level directory of the Horde distribution.

.. _IMP: http://www.horde.org/imp/
.. _Kronolith: http://www.horde.org/kronolith/


Obtaining Horde
===============

The Horde Framework can be obtained from the Horde website and FTP server, at

   http://www.horde.org/horde/

   ftp://ftp.horde.org/pub/horde/

Or, better yet, use a mirror that is closer to you.  The mirror list can be
found at:

   http://www.horde.org/mirrors.php

The FTP directory contains the Horde PHP files which can be unpacked using
``tar`` and ``gunzip`` (see `Installing Horde`_, below).

Bleeding-edge development versions of Horde and its applications are available
via CVS; see the file `docs/HACKING`_, or visit the website
http://www.horde.org/source/, for information on accessing the Horde CVS
repository.

You will probably also want one or more Horde applications, since Horde
doesn't do much by itself; a list of available applications, with links to
descriptions and downloads, can be found at

   http://www.horde.org/projects.php

While previous versions of Horde were numbered to correspond with a particular
version of the IMP webmail application, that is no longer true as of Horde
version 2.0. The current version of Horde will work with the current version
of Horde applications. For more information about which versions are
compatible see http://www.horde.org/source/versions.php.


Quick Install
=============

These are very terse instructions how to install Horde and its prerequisites
on a LAMP sytem.  They are addressed to experienced administrators who know
exactly what they are doing.  For more detailed instructions, start reading
below at Prerequisites_.

1. Compiling PHP for Apache::

     cd php-x.x.x/
     ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs \
                 --with-gettext --with-dom --with-mcrypt \
                 --with-iconv --enable-mbstring=all --enable-mbregex \
                 --with-gd --with-png-dir=/usr --with-jpeg-dir=/usr \
                 --with-mime-magic=/user/share/misc/magic.mime \
                 [--with-mysql|--with-pgsql|--with-oci8|--with-ldap]
     make
     make install

2. Restart Apache.

3. Install PEAR packages::

     pear install -o Log Mail Mail_Mime DB Date File
     pear -d preferred_state=beta install -a Services_Weather

4. Extract tarball::

     cd /usr/local/www
     tar zxvf /path/to/horde-x.y.z.tar.gz
     mv horde-x.y.z horde

5. Configure Horde::

     cd config/
     for f in *.dist; do cp $f `basename $f .dist`; done

6. Create database tables::

     cd ../scripts/sql
     vi create.mysql.sql
     mysql -u root -p < create.mysql.sql

7. Test Horde::

     http://your-server/horde/test.php

8. Finish configuration::

     http://your-server/horde/

   Go to Adminstration => Setup => Horde


Prerequisites
=============

The following prerequisites are **REQUIRED** for Horde to function properly.

1. A webserver that supports PHP.

   Horde and its applications are developed under the Apache webserver, which
   we recommend. Apache is available from

      http://httpd.apache.org/

   Horde has also been reportedly used successfully under Microsoft IIS, among
   others.

2. PHP 4.3.0 or above.

   PHP is the interpreted language in which Horde is written.
   You can obtain PHP at

      http://www.php.net/

   Follow the instructions in the PHP package to build PHP for your system. If
   you use Apache, be sure to build PHP as a library with one of the following
   options::

       --with-apache
       --with-apxs
       --with-apxs2

   options to ``./configure``, and not as a standalone executable.

   The following PHP options are **REQUIRED** by Horde (listed with their own
   prerequisites and configure options). In many cases, the required libraries
   and tools can be obtained as packages from your operating system vendor.

   a. Gettext support. ``--with-gettext``

      Gettext is the GNU Translation Project's localization library.
      Horde uses gettext to provide local translations of text displayed by
      applications. Information on obtaining the gettext package is available
      at

         http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/gettext.html

      See also note below on configuring Translations_.

   b. XML and DOMXML support. ``--with-dom``

      Horde's help engine and component setup require XML support. While some
      webservers (including recent Apache versions) have XML libraries
      built-in, others will require the expat XML parser libraries, available
      from

        http://expat.sourceforge.net/

      .. Important:: You must have **both** XML libraries installed for Horde
                     to work properly!

      Older versions of PHP also require ``--with-xml`` to enable the
      SAX XML functions. With recent versions of PHP, this is enabled
      by default.

   The following PHP options are **RECOMMENDED** to enable advanced features in
   Horde:

   a. A preferences container.

      Horde applications can store user preferences in an SQL database, an
      LDAP directory, an IMSP server, a Kolab server, or in PHP sessions.

      For SQL database preferences storage, Horde is thoroughly tested on
      MySQL (``--with-mysql``) and PostgreSQL (``--with-pgsql``) and has been
      reported to work with Oracle (``--with-oci8``) and SQL Server
      (``--with-mssql``).  It may also work with any other database supported
      by PEAR, but they are untested.

      Preferences can also be stored via LDAP (``--with-ldap``), Kolab
      (``--with-ldap``), and IMSP.

      Alternatively, preferences can be stored in PHP sessions, which
      requires no external programs or configure options, but which will not
      maintain preferences between sessions.

      While the LDAP, database, Kolab, or IMSP server need not be running on
      the machine onto which you are installing Horde, the appropriate
      client libraries to access the server must be available locally.

      If a preference container is not configured, no preference options
      will be configurable via Horde's web interface - the default values
      stored in each applications ``config/prefs.php`` file will be used.

   b. Mcrypt support ``--with-mcrypt``

      Mcrypt is a general-purpose cryptography library which is broader and
      significantly more efficient (FASTER!) than PHP's own cryptographic
      code. You can obtain mcrypt from

         http://mcrypt.sourceforge.net/

      Building PHP without mcrypt support will not stop Horde from working,
      but will force it to use weaker (and much slower) encryption.

   c. UTF-8 support ``--with-iconv --enable-mbstring=all --enable-mbregex``

      If these extensions are enabled, Horde can support multibyte character
      sets like UTF-8 (meaning that content with any charset can be viewed
      with any translation).

      For iconv support you should use the GNU libiconv library, which is more
      stable and supports more charsets, compared to other iconv
      implementations, like Solaris', for example.

   d. GD support ``--with-gd``

      Horde will use the GD extension to perform manipulations on image data
      through the Horde_Image library.

      If you want GD to be able to work with PNG images, you should use the
      ``--with-png-dir`` option to make sure PHP can find the PNG libraries
      it needs to compile.

      If you want GD to be able to work with JPEG images, you should use the
      ``--with-jpeg-dir`` option to make sure PHP can find the JPEG libraries
      it needs to compile.

      You can also use the ImageMagick_ package to do these manipulations
      instead.  See the ``Image Manipulation`` tab of the Horde setup for more
      details.

      .. _ImageMagick: http://www.imagemagick.org

   e. MIME Magic support ``--with-mime-magic``

      Horde will use the MIME Magic extension to guess the MIME type of files
      by analyzing their contents.

      .. Note:: This extension is reported to be deprecated_ in favor of the
                fileinfo PECL extension (see below).  However, some users have
                reported that the fileinfo extension will not build correctly
                on their system. If so, then the MIME Magic extension should
                be used instead. Pick one or the other - there is no need to
                compile both.

      If using PHP 4.3.0 -> 4.3.1, you should use ``--enable-mime-magic``
      instead of ``--with-mime-magic``.

      .. _deprecated: http://www.php.net/mime_magic

   .. Important:: Additionally, individual Horde applications may **REQUIRE**
                  or **RECOMMEND** other options to be built into PHP
                  also. Please check ``docs/INSTALL`` for all applications you
                  wish to use to see if other PHP options are needed.

3. Additional PEAR Modules

   PEAR is short for "PHP Extension and Application Repository".  The goal of
   PEAR is to provide a means of distributing reusable code.

   For more information, see http://pear.php.net/

   .. Important:: Make sure you are running a supported (i.e. new enough)
                  version of PEAR: use the test script described below under
                  "`Configuring Horde`_".  Do **not** use the PEAR version
                  from ftp.horde.org.

   Check that the path where the PEAR packages are installed are part of the
   ``include_path`` parameter that PHP uses to find PEAR packages.

   Run the command::

     pear config-show

   You will see something like::

     PEAR directory                 php_dir         /usr/share/php

   Now open the php.ini file of your system, for example ``/etc/php.ini``,
   find the ``include_path`` and make sure that ``/usr/share/php`` is part of
   the list.  If you had to change that value, restart the web server after
   saving ``php.ini``.

   These PEAR modules are **REQUIRED** to be installed for complete Horde
   functionality:

   a. Log
   b. Mail
   c. Mail_Mime

      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pear install Log Mail Mail_Mime

   These PEAR modules are **RECOMMENDED** to be installed:

   a. DB (>= 1.7.8)

      **REQUIRED** as soon as you want or need to store anything in a database.
      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pear install DB

      To upgrade, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pear upgrade DB

   b. File

      **REQUIRED** only if you wish to import CSV files.
      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pear install File

   c. Date

      **REQUIRED** only if you are dealing with calendar data.
      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pear install Date

   d. Services_Weather (>= 1.3.1)

      **REQUIRED** only if you wish to use the weather.com block on the portal
      page.
      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pear install -a Services_Weather

      Additional steps are required if you want use the METAR weather block on
      the portal page. See the file ``data/Services_Weather/buildMetarDB.php``
      in your PEAR directory for details.

   e. HTTP_WebDAV_Server

      **REQUIRED** only if you want to use Horde's WebDAV interface, for
      example to access calendars, tasklists or files with an external client.
      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pear install HTTP_WebDAV_Server-beta

   f. Net_DNS

      If installed, it will be used instead of the built-in PHP function
      gethostbyaddr() for host name lookups. This has the advantage that
      Net_DNS has configurable timeouts and retries. Net_DNS requires the
      ``mhash`` PHP extension.
      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pear install Net_DNS

   g. File_Fstab

     Required only if you use the localhost driver for the Accounts block.
     To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

       pear install File_Fstab

   This method of installing PEAR modules requires that you have a PHP version
   that has been compiled as a static binary.  All versions of PHP 4.3.0+
   build both a SAPI module (Apache, CGI, etc.) and a command-line (CLI)
   binary at the same time.  Check if you have a php binary in
   ``/usr/local/bin`` (``/usr/bin`` if if you installed from an operating
   system package) before recompiling.

   If you receive the error ``Could not read cmd args`` you should run the pear
   script this way::

     php -d register_argc_argv=1 _PEAR_ install _MODULE_

   _PEAR_ is the complete path of the pear script installed by PHP during
   installation (e.g. ``/usr/local/bin/pear``).  Make sure the ``pear`` script
   appears in your path. The default installation path for pear is
   ``/usr/local/bin/pear``.

   _MODULE_ is the PEAR module, listed above, which you wish to install.

   For more detailed directions on installing PEAR modules, see the PEAR
   documentation at http://pear.php.net/manual/

4. Additional PECL Modules

   PECL is short for "PHP Extension Community Library".  The goal of PECL is
   to provide a means of easily distributing PHP extensions.

   For more information, see http://pecl.php.net/

   PECL is the "sister" of PEAR and uses the same packaging and distribution
   system as PEAR, so the configuration/setup is essentially identical to the
   PEAR instructions above.

   When you install a PECL extension, you have to add it to your ``php.ini``
   so it gets loaded.  Add the following line to your ``php.ini`` file to load
   the extension (the extension should be installed in the directory specified
   by the ``extension_dir`` option in ``php.ini``)::

     extension=fileinfo.so

   Or on Windows::

     extension=fileinfo.dll

   After that, restart your webserver.

   These PECL modules are **RECOMMENDED** to be installed:

   a. fileinfo

      Allows Horde modules to guess the MIME type of files by analyzing
      their contents.

      If not enabled, Horde will use its own PHP code to perform MIME magic
      lookups.  However, this lookup is slower, less accurate, and detects
      fewer MIME types than the PECL extension will.

      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pecl install fileinfo

   b. json

      The json extension will be used for JSON serialization if available.
      json's author claims this module is 86 - 270 times faster than a pure
      PHP solution.

      THE JSON MODULE IS ONLY REQUIRED FOR VERSIONS OF PHP < 5.2. JSON
      SUPPORT IS AUTOMATICALLY INCLUDED IN PHP 5.2+.

      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pecl install json

   These PECL modules are **RECOMMENDED** to be installed if you need
   advanced functionality:

   a. memcache

      If using the memcached SessionHandler, the memcache PECL extension must
      be installed.

      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pecl install memcache

   b. lzf

      If the lzf module is available, Horde can compress some cached data in
      the current session, thus reducing the size of the current session.

      To install, enter the following at the command prompt::

        pecl install lzf

   For additional help on using the pear command-line program to install PECL
   extensions, see the PEAR installation section above.


The following non-PHP prerequisites are **RECOMMENDED**, or are **REQUIRED**
if you use a specific Horde application (as noted in [brackets]):

1. Sendmail or equivalent.

   Horde uses sendmail, or a program that implements the ``sendmail(8)`` API
   (as included with postfix, qmail, and exim, among others). If your system
   does not already have a full mail transport with a sendmail interface, you
   can configure Horde to speak directly with a remote SMTP server, but this
   may incur a performance penalty.


Installing Horde
================

Horde is written in PHP, and must be installed in a web-accessible directory.
The precise location of this directory will differ from system to system. If
you have no idea where you should be installing Horde, install it directly
under the root of your webserver's document tree.


Installing from Release Tarballs
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Since Horde is written in PHP, there is no compilation necessary; simply
expand the distribution where you want it to reside and rename the root
directory of the distribution to whatever you wish to appear in the
URL. Please note that the default configuration expects Horde to be installed
in the directory ``/horde`` though. For example, with the Apache webserver's
default document root of ``/usr/local/www``, you would type::

   cd /usr/local/www
   tar zxvf /path/to/horde-x.y.z.tar.gz
   mv horde-x.y.z horde

You would then find Horde at the URL::

   http://your-server/horde/

Skip the next paragraph if you installed Horde from a release tarball.


Installing from CVS or Snaphots
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

At this point, the Horde framework modules need to be checked out from CVS and
installed. This must be done as root (or another user with sufficient
administrator priviledges)::

   cd horde
   cvs co framework
   cd framework
   pear channel-discover pear.horde.org
   php -q install-packages.php

For Windows systems - use the ``install-packages.bat`` file instead.
For Debian systems - the command-line PHP interpreter might be called ``php4``
instead of ``php``.

.. Note:: You need PEAR version 1.4.0 or higher to run the install scripts.


Configuring Horde
=================

1. Configuring the web server

   Horde requires the following webserver settings. Examples shown are for
   Apache; other webservers' configurations will differ.

   a. PHP interpretation for files matching ``*.php``::

         AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

      .. Note:: The above instructions may not work if you have specified PHP
                as an output filter with ``SetOutputFilter`` directive in
                Apache 2.x versions.  In particular, Red Hat 8.0 and above
                Apache 2.x RPMS have the output filter set, and **MUST NOT**
                have the above ``AddType`` directive added.

   b. ``index.php`` as an index file (brought up when a user requests a URL for
      a directory)::

         DirectoryIndex index.php

2. Creating databases

   The specific steps to create a preferences storage container depend on
   which database you've chosen to use.

   First, look in ``scripts/sql/`` to see if a ``create.`` script already
   exists for your database.  If so, you should be able to simply execute that
   script as superuser in your database.  Consult the ``scripts/sql/README``
   file for more information.

   Be sure to change the default password, ``horde``, to something else before
   creating the tables! (Remember to use this password when you configure
   Horde in the next step.)

   If such a script does not exist, you'll need to build your own, using the
   files ``horde_users.sql``, ``horde_prefs.sql``, and ``horde_datatree.sql``
   as a starting point.  If you need assistance in creating databases for a
   database for which no ``create.`` script exists, you may wish to let us
   know on the `Horde mailing list`_.

   If you make any changes to the user that will access the database,
   you **MUST** ensure that that user can still create
   tables. Otherwise Horde will be unable to create sequence tables
   for tracking primary keys.

   If you are going to use database based sessions, create a table using the
   files ``scripts/sql/horde_sessionhandler*.sql`` as a starting point.

   .. _`Horde mailing list`: horde@lists.horde.org

3. Configuring Horde

   To configure Horde, change to the ``config/`` directory of the installed
   distribution, and make copies of all of the configuration ``.dist`` files
   without the ``.dist`` suffix::

      cd config/
      for f in *.dist; do cp $f `basename $f .dist`; done

   Or if you are installing Horde an a Windows system::

      cd config
      copy *.dist *.

   Documentation on the format of those files can be found in each file.

   .. Warning:: All configuration files in Horde are PHP scripts that are
                executed by the web server. If you make an error in one of
                these files, Horde might stop working. Thus it is always a
                good idea to test the configuration files after you edited
                them. If you want to test mime_drivers.php for example run::

                   php -l mime_drivers.php

4. Setting up alarm emails

   If you want your users to be able to receive emails from the Horde_Alarm
   system, you must set up a cron entry for ``horde/scripts/alarms.php``, you
   must have at least one administrator specified in the Horde configuration,
   and you must have the PHP CLI installed (a CGI binary is not supported -
   ``php -v`` will report what kind of PHP binary you have).

   Running the job every 5 minutes is recommended::

      # Horde Alarms
      */5 * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/horde/scripts/alarms.php

   (replace ``/usr/bin/php`` with the path to your PHP CLI and
   ``/var/www/horde/`` with the path to your Horde installation)

5. Testing Horde

   Once you have configured your webserver, PHP, and Horde, bring up the
   included test page in your Web browser to ensure that all necessary
   prerequisites have been met. If you installed Horde as described above, the
   URL to the test page would be::

      http://your-server/horde/test.php

   Check that your PHP and PEAR versions are acceptably recent, that all
   required module capabilities are present, and that ``magic_quotes_runtime``
   is set to ``Off``. Then note the ``Session counter: 1`` line under ``PHP
   Sessions``, and reload the page. The session counter should increment.

   If you get a warning like ``Failed opening '/path/to/test.php' for
   inclusion``, make sure that the web server has the permission to read the
   ``test.php`` file.

6. Completing Configuration

   You can now access Horde without a password, and you will be logged in as
   an administrator.

   .. Important:: You should first configure a real authentication
                  backend and designate which accounts in your real
                  backend will be administrator accounts.  Horde does
                  **NOT** have a default administrator account - all
                  users, including administrators, must exist in the
                  actual authentication backend.  Click on ``Setup``
                  in the ``Administration`` menu and configure Horde.
                  Start in the ``Authentication`` tab.

   Here is an example for configuring authentication against a remote IMAP
   server.  Similar steps apply for authenticating against a database, an LDAP
   server, etc.

   a. In the ``Which users should be treated as administrators`` field enter a
      comma separated list of user names of your choosing. This will control
      who is allowed to make configuration changes, see passwords, potentially
      add users, etc.

   b. In the ``What backend should we use for authenticating users to Horde``
      pulldown menu select ``IMAP authentication``. The page will reload and
      you will have specific options for IMAP authentication.

   c. In the ``Configuration type`` pulldown menu select ``Separate values``.
      The page will reload with additional options. Fill in the remaining
      three fields appropriately:

      - IP name/number of the IMAP server
      - For a secure connection, select port 993.
      - Select the protocol; for a secure connection either ``imap/ssl`` or
        ``imap/ssl/novalidate-cert`` (for self-signed certificates).

   Continue to configure Horde through all the tabs of the setup interface and
   click on ``Generate Horde Configuration``. Important items that you
   probably want to configure are the ``Preference System`` that lets users
   save their personal options, and the ``DataTree System`` that is required
   for some applications to work at all.

   Configuration of applications in ``registry.php`` is documented in the
   ``INSTALL`` file of each application.  Most applications require you to
   configure them with a "Horde administrator" account.  A Horde administrator
   account is any normal Horde account that has been added to the
   administrator list in the ``Authentication`` tab of the Horde setup.

   The other files in that directory need only be modified if you wish to
   customize Horde's appearance or behaviour -- the defaults will work at most
   sites.

7. Securing Horde

   a. Passwords

      Some of Horde's configuration files contain passwords which local users
      could use to access your database.  It is recommended to ensure that at
      least the Horde configuration files (in ``config/``) are not readable to
      system users.  There are ``.htaccess`` files restricting access to
      directories that do not need to be accessed directly; before relying on
      those, ensure that your webserver supports ``.htaccess`` and is
      configured to use them, and that the files in those directories are in
      fact inaccessible via the browser.

      An additional approach is to make Horde's configuration files owned by
      the user ``root`` and by a group which only the webserver user belongs
      to, and then making them readable only to owner and group.  For example,
      if your webserver runs as ``www.www``, do as follows::

         chown root.www config/*
         chmod 0440 config/*

   b. Sessions

      Session data -- including hashed versions of your users' passwords, in
      some applications -- may not be stored as securely as necessary.

      If you are using file-based PHP sessions (which are the default), be
      sure that session files are not being written into ``/tmp`` with
      permissions that allow other users to read them. Ideally, change the
      ``session.save_path`` setting in ``php.ini`` to a directory only
      readable and writeable by your webserver.

      Additionally, you can change the session handler of PHP to use any
      storage backend requested (e.g. SQL database) via the ``Custom Session
      Handler`` tab in the Horde setup.

   For more information about securing your webserver, PHP and Horde, see the
   `docs/SECURITY`_ file.

8. Entering the survey

   If you like, go to http://www.horde.org/survey/ and enter the details of
   your system.


Configuring Applications
========================

A list of available Horde applications can be found at

   http://www.horde.org/projects.php

Instructions on configuring Horde applications can be found in the ``INSTALL``
file in the application's ``docs/`` directory.


Temporary Files
===============

Various Horde applications will generate temporary files in PHP's temporary
directory (see the ``General`` tab in the Horde setup).  For various reasons,
some of these files may not be removed when the user's session ends. To
reclaim this disk space, it may be necessary to periodically delete these old
temporary files.

An example cron-based solution can be found at ``scripts/temp-cleanup.cron``.
Another possible solution is to use Red Hat's ``tmpwatch`` utility or anything
similar to remove old files (see http://www.redhat.com/).


Translations
============

Note for international users: Horde uses GNU gettext to provide local
translations of text displayed by applications; the translations are found in
the po/ directory.  If a translation is not yet available for your locale (and
you wish to create one), see the ``horde/po/README`` file, or if you're having
trouble using a provided translation, please see the
`horde/docs/TRANSLATIONS`_ file for instructions.


Obtaining Support
=================

If you encounter problems with Horde, help is available!

The Horde Frequently Asked Questions List (FAQ), available on the Web at

  http://www.horde.org/faq/

The Horde Project runs a number of mailing lists, for individual applications
and for issues relating to the project as a whole. Information, archives, and
subscription information can be found at

  http://www.horde.org/mail/

Lastly, Horde developers, contributors and users may also be found on IRC,
on the channel #horde on the Freenode Network (irc.freenode.net).

Please keep in mind that Horde is free software written by volunteers.
For information on reasonable support expectations, please read

  http://www.horde.org/support.php

Thanks for using Horde!

The Horde Team


.. _README: ?f=README.html
.. _docs/HACKING: ?f=HACKING.html
.. _docs/SECURITY: ?f=SECURITY.html
.. _`horde/docs/TRANSLATIONS`: ?f=TRANSLATIONS.html
