## Package org.apache.lucene.util.fst

Finite state transducers

See:
Description

Class Summary
Builder<T>: Builds a minimal FST (maps an IntsRef term to an arbitrary output) from pre-sorted terms with outputs.
Builder.Arc<T>: Expert: holds a pending (seen but not yet serialized) arc.
Builder.FreezeTail<T>: Expert: this is invoked by Builder whenever a suffix is serialized.
Builder.UnCompiledNode<T>: Expert: holds a pending (seen but not yet serialized) Node.
ByteSequenceOutputs: An FST `Outputs` implementation where each output is a sequence of bytes.
BytesRefFSTEnum<T>: Enumerates all input (BytesRef) + output pairs in an FST.
BytesRefFSTEnum.InputOutput<T>: Holds a single input (BytesRef) + output pair.
CharSequenceOutputs: An FST `Outputs` implementation where each output is a sequence of characters.
FST<T>: Represents an finite state machine (FST), using a compact byte[] format.
FST.Arc<T>: Represents a single arc.
FST.BytesReader: Reads bytes stored in an FST.
IntSequenceOutputs: An FST `Outputs` implementation where each output is a sequence of ints.
IntsRefFSTEnum<T>: Enumerates all input (IntsRef) + output pairs in an FST.
IntsRefFSTEnum.InputOutput<T>: Holds a single input (IntsRef) + output pair.
NoOutputs: A null FST `Outputs` implementation; use this if you just want to build an FSA.
Outputs<T>: Represents the outputs for an FST, providing the basic algebra required for building and traversing the FST.
PairOutputs<A,B>: An FST `Outputs` implementation, holding two other outputs.
PairOutputs.Pair<A,B>: Holds a single pair of two outputs.
PositiveIntOutputs: An FST `Outputs` implementation where each output is a non-negative long value.
Util: Static helper methods.
Util.MinResult<T>: Holds a single input (IntsRef) + output, returned by `shortestPaths()`.
Util.TopNSearcher<T>: Utility class to find top N shortest paths from start point(s).

Enum Summary
FST.INPUT_TYPE: Specifies allowed range of each int input label for this FST.

## Package org.apache.lucene.util.fst Description

Finite state transducers

This package implements Finite State Transducers with the following characteristics:

- Fast and low memory overhead construction of the minimal FST (but inputs must be provided in sorted order)
- Low object overhead and quick deserialization (byte[] representation)
- Optional two-pass compression: `FST.pack()`
- `Lookup-by-output` when the outputs are in sorted order (e.g., ordinals or file pointers)
- Pluggable `Outputs` representation
- `N-shortest-paths` search by weight
- Enumerators (`IntsRef` and `BytesRef`) that behave like `SortedMap` iterators

FST Construction example:

        // Input values (keys). These must be provided to Builder in Unicode sorted order!
        String inputValues[] = {"cat", "dog", "dogs"};
        long outputValues[] = {5, 7, 12};

        PositiveIntOutputs outputs = PositiveIntOutputs.getSingleton();
        Builder<Long> builder = new Builder<Long>(INPUT_TYPE.BYTE1, outputs);
        BytesRef scratchBytes = new BytesRef();
        IntsRef scratchInts = new IntsRef();
        for (int i = 0; i < inputValues.length; i++) {
          scratchBytes.copyChars(inputValues[i]);
          builder.add(Util.toIntsRef(scratchBytes, scratchInts), outputValues[i]);
        }
        FST<Long> fst = builder.finish();

Retrieval by key:

        Long value = Util.get(fst, new BytesRef("dog"));
        System.out.println(value); // 7

Retrieval by value:

        // Only works because outputs are also in sorted order
        IntsRef key = Util.getByOutput(fst, 12);
        System.out.println(Util.toBytesRef(key, scratchBytes).utf8ToString()); // dogs

Iterate over key-value pairs in sorted order:

        // Like TermsEnum, this also supports seeking (advance)
        BytesRefFSTEnum<Long> iterator = new BytesRefFSTEnum<Long>(fst);
        while (iterator.next() != null) {
          InputOutput<Long> mapEntry = iterator.current();
          System.out.println(mapEntry.input.utf8ToString());
          System.out.println(mapEntry.output);
        }

N-shortest paths by weight:

        Comparator<Long> comparator = new Comparator<Long>() {
          public int compare(Long left, Long right) {
            return left.compareTo(right);
          }
        };
        Arc<Long> firstArc = fst.getFirstArc(new Arc<Long>());
        MinResult<Long> paths[] = Util.shortestPaths(fst, firstArc, comparator, 2);
        System.out.println(Util.toBytesRef(paths[0].input, scratchBytes).utf8ToString()); // cat
        System.out.println(paths[0].output); // 5
        System.out.println(Util.toBytesRef(paths[1].input, scratchBytes).utf8ToString()); // dog
        System.out.println(paths[1].output); // 7

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