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2.11.9 systemdict

The systemdict dictionary contains most of the operators that are of general use. Although there are no mechanisms that prevent modification of systemdict, programs should not normally need to modify systemdict, since globaldict provides a place for storing globally shared objects. All threads share the same systemdict, which is implicitly locked.

Table 2.10 summarizes the contents of systemdict, and is broken into the following categories:

- Operand stack operators
- Execution, control, and execution stack operators
- Stack operators
- Number (integer, real) and math operators
- String operators
- Name operators
- Array operators
- Dictionary and dictionary stack operators
- Class, instance, and handle operators
- File and filesystem operators
- Socket and networking operators
- Logical and bitwise operators
- Type, conversion, and attribute operators
- Threading and synchronization operators
- Regular expression operators
- Miscellaneous operators

Table 2.10: systemdict summary
Input(s) Op/Proc/Var Output(s) | Description
Operand stack operators
- mark mark | Create a mark.
,,,obj aup obj ,,, | Rotate stack up one position.
obj ,,, adn ,,,obj | Rotate stack down one position.
- count count | Get the number of objects on ostack.
mark ... counttomark mark ...count | Get the depth of the topmost mark on ostack.
obj dup obj dup | Duplicate an object.
obj ,,, bdup obj ,,,dup | Duplicate bottom object.
objects count ndup objects objects | Duplicate objects.
obj ...index idup obj ...dup | Duplicate object on ostack at index.
...obj ,,,index ibdup ...obj ,,,dup | Duplicate object on ostack at index from bottom.
a b tuck b a b | Tuck duplicate of top object under second object.
a b under a a b | Duplicate second object.
a b over a b a | Duplicate second object.
a b exch b a | Exchange top two objects.
a b c up c a b | Roll top three objects up one.
a ...b count nup b a ... | Roll count objects up one.
a b c dn b c a | Roll top three objects down one.
a ...b count ndn ...b a | Roll count objects down one.
...amount rot ... | Rotate stack up by amount.
region count amount roll rolled | Roll count objects up by amount.
obj pop - | Remove object.
obj ,,, bpop ,,, | Remove bottom object.
objects count npop - | Remove count objects.
objects ...count nbpop ... | Remove count objects from bottom.
obj ...index ipop ... | Remove object at index.
...obj ,,,index ibpop ...,,, | Remove object at index from bottom.
a b nip b | Remove second object.
objects clear - | Pop all objects off ostack.
mark ... cleartomark - | Remove objects from ostack through topmost mark.
- ostack stack | Get a current ostack snapshot.
thread threadostack stack | Get a reference to thread's ostack.
Execution, control, and execution stack operators
obj eval - | Evaluate object.
boolean obj if - | Conditionally evaluate object.
boolean obj unless - | Conditionally evaluate object.
boolean a b ifelse - | Conditionally evaluate one of two objects.
init inc limit proc for - | Iterate with a control variable.
count proc repeat - | Iterate a set number of times.
cond proc while - | Loop while cond is true.
proc cond until - | Loop until cond is false.
proc loop - | Loop indefinitely.
array proc foreach - | Iterate on array elements.
dict proc foreach - | Iterate on dictionary key/value pairs.
stack proc foreach - | Iterate on stack elements.
string proc foreach - | Iterate on string elements.
- continue - | Skip to next iteration of innermost looping context.
- exit - | Terminate innermost looping context.
file/string token false | Unsuccessfully scan for a token.
file/string token rem obj true | Successfully scan for a token
obj start - | Evaluate object.
- quit - | Unwind to innermost start context.
obj stopped boolean | Evaluate object.
- stop - | Unwind to innermost stopped or start context.
obj trapped false | Snapshot stacks and evaluate object.
obj trapped arg true | Snapshot stacks, evaluate object, catch escape , restore snapshot.
arg escape - | Unwind to innermost trapped or start context.
name throw obj | Throw an error.
- maxestack count | Get maximum allowable estack depth.
- gmaxestack count | Get default maximum allowable estack depth.
count setmaxestack - | Set maximum allowable estack depth.
count setgmaxestack - | Set default maximum allowable estack depth.
- tailopt boolean | Get whether tail optimization is in effect.
- gtailopt boolean | Get default tail optimization setting.
boolean settailopt - | Set whether to use tail optimization.
boolean setgtailopt - | Set default tail optimization setting.
- estack stack | Get a current estack snapshot.
- estack stack | Get a current estack snapshot.
thread threadestack stack | Get a reference to thread's estack.
- countestack count | Get current estack depth.
- istack stack | Get a current istack snapshot.
thread threadistack stack | Get a reference to thread's istack.
status die - | Exit program.
path symbol modload - | Load a module.
file symbol mrequire - | Search for and load a module.
file require - | Search for and evaluate a source file.
prog path path/null | Search PATH for prog.
args exec - | Overlay a new program and execute it.
args forkexec pid | Fork and exec a new process.
args redirects forkexec pid | Fork and exec a new process.
pid waitpid status | Wait for a program to terminate.
args system status | Execute a program.
pid sig kill - | Send a signal to a process.
$SIG_GETMASK oset sigmask oset | Get signal mask.
how set sigmask - | Modify signal mask.
how set oset sigmask oset | Modify signal mask.
set sigpending set | Get pending signals.
set sigsuspend - | Suspend until interrupted by a signal.
set sigwait sig | Wait for a signal.
- pid pid | Get process ID.
- ppid pid | Get parent's process ID.
- uid uid | Get the process's user ID.
uid setuid boolean | Set the process's user ID.
- euid uid | Get the process's effective user ID.
uid seteuid boolean | Set the process's effective user ID.
- gid gid | Get the process's group ID.
gid setgid boolean | Set the process's group ID.
- egid gid | Get the process's effective group ID.
gid setegid boolean | Set the process's effective group ID.
pid getpgid pgid | Get process group ID.
pid pgid setpgid - | Set process group ID.
pid getsid sid | Get session ID.
- setsid sid | Create new session.
- realtime nsecs | Get the number of nanoseconds since the epoch.
nsecs localtime dict | Get a dict with local time definitions.
nanoseconds nsleep - | Nanosleep.
Stack operators
- ( fino | Begin a stack declaration.
fino objects ) stack | Create a stack.
- stack stack | Create a stack.
stack obj spush - | Push object onto stack.
stack obj sbpush - | Push object onto bottom of stack.
stack scount count | Get the number of objects on a stack.
stack scounttomark count | Get the depth of the topmost mark on stack.
stack sdup - | Duplicate an object.
stack sbdup - | Duplicate bottom object.
stack count sndup - | Duplicate objects on stack.
stack index sidup - | Duplicate object on stack at index.
stack index sibdup - | Duplicate object on stack at index from bottom.
stack stuck - | Tuck duplicate of top object on stack under next object on stack.
stack sunder - | Duplicate second object on stack.
stack sover - | Duplicate second object on stack.
stack sexch - | Exchange top objects on stack.
stack sup - | Roll top three objects on stack up one.
stack count snup - | Roll count objects on stack up one.
stack saup - | Roll objects on stack up one.
stack sdn - | Roll top three objects on stack down one.
stack count sndn - | Roll count objects on stack down one.
stack sadn - | Roll objects on stack down one.
stack amount srot - | Rotate objects on stack up by amount.
stack count amount sroll - | Roll objects on stack.
stack spop obj | Pop object off stack.
stack sbpop obj | Pop object off bottom of stack.
stack count snpop array | Pop count objects off stack.
stack count snbpop array | Pop count objects off bottom of stack.
stack index sipop obj | Remove object on stack at index.
stack index sibpop obj | Remove object on stack at index from bottom.
stack snip obj | Remove second object on stack.
stack sclear - | Remove all objects on stack.
stack scleartomark - | Remove objects from stack down through topmost mark.
(a) (b) cat (a b) | Catenate two stacks.
stacks count ncat stack | Catenate stacks.
srcstack dststack copy dststack | Copy stack contents.
Number (integer, real) and math operators
a b add r | Add a and b.
a inc r | Add 1 to a.
a b sub r | Subtract b from a.
a dec r | Subtract 1 from a.
a b mul r | Multiply a and b.
a b div r | Divide a by b.
a b idiv r | Divide a by b (integers).
a b mod r | Mod a by b (integers and reals).
a b pow r | Raise a to the power of b.
x exp r | (base of natural logarithm) raised to x.
a sqrt r | Square root.
a ln r | Natural log.
a log r | Base 10 log.
a abs r | Get the absolute value of a.
a neg r | Get the negative of a.
a ceiling r | Integer ceiling of a real.
a floor r | Integer floor of a real.
a round r | Real rounded to integer.
a trunc r | Integer from real with truncated fractional.
a sin r | Sine in radians.
a sinh r | Hyperbolic sine.
a asin r | Arcsine.
a asinh r | Hyperbolic arcsine.
a cos r | Cosine in radians.
a cosh r | Hyperbolic cosine.
a acos r | Arc cosine.
a acosh r | Hyperbolic arc cosine.
x tan r | Tangent of x in radians.
x tanh r | Hyperbolic tangent.
x atan r | Arctangent.
y x atan2 r | Arctangent in radians of .
x atanh r | Hyperbolic arctangent.
seed srand - | Seed pseudo-random number generator.
- rand integer | Get a pseudo-random number.
String operators
length string string | Create a string.
string length count | Get string length.
string index get integer | Get string element.
string index integer put - | Set string element.
string index length getinterval substring | Get a string interval.
string index substring putinterval - | Copy substring into string.
`a' `b' cat `ab' | Catenate two strings.
strings count ncat string | Catenate strings.
srcstring dststring copy dstsubstring | Copy string.
obj depth sprints string | Create syntactical string from object.
obj flags outputs string | Create formatted string from object.
Name operators
name length count | Get name length.
Array operators
- [ mark | Begin an array declaration.
mark objects ] array | Construct an array.
length array array | Create an array.
array length count | Get array length.
array index get obj | Get array element.
array index obj put - | Set array element.
array index length getinterval subarray | Get an array interval.
array index subarray putinterval - | Copy subarray into array.
[a] [b] cat [a b] | Catenate two arrays.
arrays count ncat array | Catenate arrays.
srcarray dstarray copy dstsubarray | Copy array.
- argv args | Get program arguments.
Dictionary and dictionary stack operators
- < mark | Begin a dictionary declaration.
mark kvpairs > dict | Construct a dictionary.
- dict dict | Create a dictionary.
dict begin - | Pust dict onto dstack.
- end - | Pop a dictionary off dstack.
key val def - | Define key/value pair.
dict key undef - | Undefine key in dict.
key load val | Look up a key's value.
dict key known boolean | Check for key in dict.
key where false | Unsuccessfully get topmost dstack dictionary that defines key.
key where dict true | Successfully get topmost dstack dictionary that defines key.
dict length count | Get number of dictionary key/value pairs.
dict key get value | Get dict value associate with key.
dict key value put - | Set dict key/value pair.
srcdict dstdict copy dstdict | Copy dictionary contents.
- currentdict dict | Get topmost dstack dictionary.
- dstack stack | Get dstack snapshot.
thread threaddstack stack | Get a reference to thread's dstack.
- countdstack count | Get number of stacks on dstack.
- gcdict dict | Get gcdict.
- userdict dict | Get userdict.
- globaldict dict | Get globaldict.
- systemdict dict | Get systemdict.
- onyxdict dict | Get onyxdict.
- sprintsdict dict | Get sprintsdict.
- outputsdict dict | Get outputsdict.
- envdict dict | Get envdict.
- threadsdict dict | Get threadsdict.
key val setenv - | Set environment variable.
key unsetenv - | Unset environment variable.
Class, instance, and handle operators
- class class | Create class.
class name implementor class/null | Get class that implements name.
class name implements boolean | Does class implement name?
class name method method | Get class method by name.
class classname class/null | Get class's name.
class name/null setclassname - | Set class's name.
class super super/null | Get class's superclass.
class super/null setsuper - | Set class's superclass.
class methods dict/null | Get methods dict for class.
class dict/null setmethods - | Set methods dict for class.
class/instance data dict/null | Get data for class/instance.
class/instance dict/null setdata - | Set data for class/instance.
- instance instance | Create an instance.
instance isa class/null | Get class for instance.
instance class/null setisa - | Set class for instance.
instance class kind boolean | Is class in instance's inheritance hierarchy?
name super data methods cdef - | Create and define a class.
- this method/instance | Get topmost object on cstack.
- cstack stack | Get cstack snapshot.
thread threadcstack stack | Get a reference to thread's cstack.
handle handletag tag | Get handle tag.
- vclass class | Get vclass.
File and filesystem operators
filename flags open file | Open a file.
filename flags mode open file | Open a file, creation mode specified.
- pipe rfile wfile | Create a pipe.
file close - | Close file.
file read integer boolean | Read from file.
file string read substring boolean | Read from file.
file readline string boolean | Read a line from file.
<file dict ...> timeout poll [file ...] | Wait for file(s) to change status.
file bytesavailable count | Get number of buffered readable bytes.
file iobuf count | Get size of I/O buffer.
file count setiobuf - | Set size of I/O buffer.
file nonblocking boolean | Get non-blocking mode.
file boolean setnonblocking - | Set non-blocking mode.
file integer/string write false | Write to file.
file integer/string write integer/substring true | Write to file.
string print - | Print string to stdout.
obj depth sprint - | Syntactically print object to stdout.
obj flags output - | Formatted print to stdout.
- pstack - | Syntactically print ostack elements.
file flushfile - | Flush file buffer.
- flush - | Flush stdout buffer.
file length truncate - | Truncate file.
file offset seek - | Move file position pointer.
file tell offset | Get file position pointer offset.
path mkdir - | Create a directory.
path mode mkdir - | Create a directory, mode specified.
path mkfifo - | Create a named pipe.
path mode mkfifo - | Create a named pipe, mode specified.
old new rename - | Rename a file or directory.
file/filename mode chmod - | Change file permissions.
file/filename uid gid chown - | Change file owner and group.
filename linkname link - | Create a hard link.
filename linkname symlink - | Create a symbolic link.
filename unlink - | Unlink a file.
path rmdir - | Remove an empty directory.
file/filename flag test boolean | Test a file.
file/filename status dict | Get file information.
linkname readlink string | Get symbolic link data.
path proc dirforeach - | Iterate on directory entries.
- pwd path | Get present working directory.
path cd - | Change present working directory.
path chroot - | Change root directory.
- stdin file | Get thread's stdin.
- stdout file | Get thread's stdout.
- stderr file | Get thread's stderr.
- gstdin file | Get global stdin.
- gstdout file | Get global stdout.
- gstderr file | Get global stderr.
file setstdin - | Set thread's stdin.
file setstdout - | Set thread's stdout.
file setstderr - | Set thread's stderr.
file setgstdin - | Set global stdin.
file setgstdout - | Set global stdout.
file setgstderr - | Set global stderr.
Socket and networking operators
family type proto socket sock | Create a socket.
family type socket sock | Create a socket.
sock addr port bindsocket - | Bind socket to address/port.
sock addr bindsocket - | Bind socket to address.
sock path bindsocket - | Bind socket to port.
sock backlog listen - | Listen for socket connections.
sock listen - | Listen for socket connections.
sock accept sock | Accept a socket connection.
sock addr port connect - | Connect a socket.
sock path connect - | Connect a socket.
service serviceport port | Get port number for service name.
sock sockname dict | Get socket information.
sock level optname sockopt optval | Get socket option.
sock optname sockopt optval | Get socket option.
sock level optname optval setsockopt - | Set socket option.
sock optname optval setsockopt - | Set socket option.
sock peername dict | Get peer socket information.
sock mesg flags send nsend | Send a message.
sock mesg send count | Send a message.
sock string flags recv substring | Receive a message.
sock string recv substring | Receive a message.
family type proto socketpair sock sock | Create a socket pair.
family type socketpair sock sock | Create a socket pair.
Logical and bitwise operators
a b lt boolean | a less than b? (integer/real, string)
a b le boolean | a less than or equal to b? (integer/real, string)
a b eq boolean | a equal to b? (any type)
a b ne boolean | a not equal to b? (any type)
a b ge boolean | a greater than or equal to b? (integer/real, string)
a b gt boolean | a greater than b? (integer/real, string)
a b and r | Logical/bitwise and. (boolean/integer)
a b or r | Logical/bitwise or. (boolean/integer)
a b xor r | Logical/bitwise exclusive or. (boolean/integer)
a not r | Logical/bitwise not. (boolean/integer)
a shift shift integer | Bitwise shift.
- false false | Return true.
- true true | Return false.
Type, conversion, and attribute operators
obj type name | Get object type.
obj lcheck boolean | Literal?
obj xcheck boolean | Executable?
obj echeck boolean | Evaluable?
obj xecheck boolean | Executable or evaluable?
obj ccheck boolean | Callable?
obj icheck boolean | Invokable?
obj fcheck boolean | Fetchable?
obj cvl obj | Set literal attribute.
obj cve obj | Set evaluable attribute.
obj cvx obj | Set executable attribute.
obj cvc obj | Set callable attribute.
obj cvi obj | Set invokable attribute.
obj cvf obj | Set fetchable attribute.
string cvn name | Convert string to name.
obj cvs string | Convert object to string.
integer radix cvrs string | Convert integer to radix string.
real precision cvds string | Convert real to decimal string.
real precision cves string | Convert real to exponential string.
Threading and synchronization operators
stack entry thread thread | Create and run a thread.
- self thread | Get a thread object for the running thread.
thread join - | Wait for thread to exit.
thread detach - | Detach thread.
- yield - | Voluntarily yield the processor.
- mutex mutex | Create a mutex.
mutex proc monitor - | Evaluate an object under the protection of a mutex.
mutex lock - | Acquire mutex.
mutex trylock boolean | Try to acquire mutex.
mutex unlock - | Release mutex.
- condition condition | Create a condition variable.
condition mutex wait - | Wait on condition.
condition mutex timeout timedwait boolean | Wait on condition with timeout.
condition signal - | Signal a condition waiter.
condition broadcast - | Signal all condition waiters.
- currentlocking boolean | Get implicit locking mode.
boolean setlocking - | Set implicit locking mode.
obj ilocked boolean | Implicitly locked?
Regular expression operators
string flags regex regex | Create a regex object.
string regex regex | Create a regex object.
input pattern flags match boolean | Find pattern matches in input string.
input pattern match boolean | Find pattern matches in input string.
input regex match boolean | Find regex matches in input string.
input pattern flags limit split array | Split input into an array of substrings.
input pattern flags split array | Split input into an array of substrings.
input pattern limit split array | Split input into an array of substrings.
input pattern split array | Split input into an array of substrings.
input regex limit split array | Split input into an array of substrings.
input regex split array | Split input into an array of substrings.
integer submatch substring | Get capturing subpattern match.
input submatch offset offset | Get submatch offset from beginning of input.
pattern template flags regsub regsub | Create a regsub object.
pattern template regsub regsub | Create a regsub object.
input pattern template flags subst output count | Substitute template for pattern matches.
input pattern template subst output count | Substitute template for pattern matches.
input regsub subst output count | Substitute.
Miscellaneous operators
- product string | Get the product string.
- version string | Get the version string.
proc bind proc | Bind names to operators.
- null null | Create a null object.

- ( fino:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    fino:
      A fino object.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Push a fino object onto ostack to denote the bottom of a stack that has not yet been constructed.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (
        onyx:1> pstack
        -fino-
        onyx:1>

fino objects ) stack:
  Input(s):
    fino:
      A fino object, usually created by the ) operator.
    objects:
      0 or more objects.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Error(s):
    unmatchedfino.
  Description:
    Create a stack object and move all objects from ostack down to the first fino object to the new stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> ()
        onyx:1> 1 sprint
        ()
        onyx:0> (1 2
        onyx:3> pstack
        2
        1
        -fino-
        onyx:3> )
        onyx:1> 1 sprint
        (1 2)
        onyx:0>

- < mark:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    mark:
      A mark object.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Begin a dictionary declaration. See the > operator documentation for more details on dictionary construction.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> < 1 sprint
        -mark-
        onyx:0>

mark kvpairs > dict:
  Input(s):
    mark:
      A mark object.
    kvpairs:
      Zero or more pairs of non-mark objects, where the first is a key and the second is an associated value.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary that contains kvpairs.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    unmatchedmark.
  Description:
    Construct a dictionary that contains kvpairs.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> <
        onyx:1> $foo `foo'
        onyx:3> $bar `bar'
        onyx:5> $biz `biz'
        onyx:7> $pop ~pop
        onyx:9> >
        onyx:1> pstack
        <$pop --pop-- $biz `biz' $bar `bar' $foo `foo'>
        onyx:1>

- [ mark:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    mark:
      A mark object.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Begin an array declaration. See the ] operator documentation for more details on array construction.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [ 1 sprint
        -mark-
        onyx:0>

mark objects ] array:
  Input(s):
    mark:
      A mark object.
    objects:
      Zero or more non-mark objects.
  Output(s):
    array:
      An array that contains objects.
  Error(s):
    unmatchedmark.
  Description:
    Construct an array that contains all objects on ostack down to the first mark.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> mark 1 2 3 ] 1 sprint
        [1 2 3]

a abs r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Absolute value of a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the absolute value of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 5 abs 1 sprint
        5
        onyx:0> -5 abs 1 sprint
        5
        onyx:0> 3.14 abs 1 sprint
        3.140000e+00
        onyx:0> -3.14 abs 1 sprint
        3.140000e+00
        onyx:0>

sock accept sock:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A listening socket.
  Output(s):
    sock:
      A socket that is connected to a client.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    neterror.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Accept a connection and create a socket that is connected to a client.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `localhost' 7777 bindsocket
        onyx:1> dup listen
        onyx:1> dup accept
        onyx:2> dup peername 1 sprint
        <$family $AF_INET $address 2130706433 $port 33742>
        onyx:2>

a acos r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Arc cosine of a in radians.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the arc cosine of a in radians.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 acos 1 sprint
        0.000000e+00
        onyx:0>

a acosh r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Hyperbolic arc cosine of a.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the hyperbolic arc cosine of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 10 acosh 1 sprint
        2.993223e+00
        onyx:0>

a b add r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
    b:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      The sum of a and b.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the sum of a and b.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 2 2 add 1 sprint
        4
        onyx:0> -1 3 add 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0> 2.0 3.1 add 1 sprint
        5.100000e+00
        onyx:0> -1.5 +3e1 add 1 sprint
        2.850000e+01
        onyx:0>

obj ,,, adn ,,,obj:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
  Output(s):
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
    obj:
      An object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Rotate stack down one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 3 adn pstack
        1
        3
        2
        onyx:3>

a b and r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or boolean.
    b:
      The same type as a.
  Output(s):
    r:
      If a and b are integers, their bitwise and, otherwise their logical and.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the bitwise and of two integers, or the logical and of two booleans.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> false true and 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> true true and 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 5 3 and 1 sprint
        1
        onyx:0>

- argv args:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    args:
      An array of strings. The first string in args is the path of this program, and any additional array elements are the arguments that were passed during invocation.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the argument vector that was used to invoke this program.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> argv 1 sprint
        [`/usr/local/bin/onyx']
        onyx:0>

length array array:
  Input(s):
    length:
      Non-negative number of array elements.
  Output(s):
    array:
      An array of length elements.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create an array of length elements. The elements are initialized to null objects.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 array 1 sprint
        [null null null]
        onyx:0> 0 array 1 sprint
        []
        onyx:0>

a asin r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Arc sine of a in radians.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the arc sine of a in radians.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> -1 asin 1 sprint
        -1.570796e+00
        onyx:0>

a asinh r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Hyperbolic arc sine of a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the hyperbolic arc sine of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 10 asinh 1 sprint
        2.998223e+00
        onyx:0>

x atan r:
  Input(s):
    x:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Arctangent of x in radians.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the arctangent of x in radians.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 atan 1 sprint
        7.853982e-01
        onyx:0>

y x atan2 r:
  Input(s):
    y:
      An integer or real.
    x:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Arctangent of in radians.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the arctangent of in radians.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 1 atan2 1 sprint
        7.853982e-01
        onyx:0> 0 1 atan2 1 sprint
        0.000000e+00
        onyx:0> -1.0 0 atan2 1 sprint
        -1.570796e+00
        onyx:0>

x atanh r:
  Input(s):
    x:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Hyperbolic arctangent of x.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    rangecheck.
  Description:
    Return the hyperbolic arctangent of x.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0.5 atanh 1 sprint
        5.493061e-01
        onyx:0>

,,,obj aup obj ,,,:
  Input(s):
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      An object.
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Rotate stack up one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 3 aup pstack
        2
        1
        3
        onyx:3>

obj ,,, bdup obj ,,,dup:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      An object.
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
    dup:
      A duplicate of obj.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the bottom object on ostack and put it on top of ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 3
        onyx:3> bdup pstack
        1
        3
        2
        1
        onyx:4>

dict begin -:
  Input(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Push dict onto dstack, thereby adding its keys to the namespace.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> <$foo `foo'> begin
        onyx:0> foo 1 sprint
        `foo'
        onyx:0>

proc bind proc:
  Input(s):
    proc:
      A procedure (array). proc will be bound even if it is literal, but contained literal arrays will not be recursively bound.
  Output(s):
    proc:
      The same procedure as was passed in.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Recursively bind unbound procedures. Executable names within a procedure are replaced with their values if defined in dstack, in any of the following cases:
    - The value is a literal object.
    - The value is an executable or evaluable operator.
    - The value is an executable or evaluable handle.
    - The value is an executable or evaluable array.

    Binding has a large positive impact on performance, since name lookups are thereafter avoided. However, binding is not done by default because there are situations where it is useful to leave procedures unbound:

    - Debugging is easier, since the names associated with objects are still available.
    - Behavior is more dynamic. It is possible to replace a definition on dstack and have it immediately take effect on unbound procedures. Note however that care must be taken when relying on this, since binding is recursive, and a lack of complete understanding of what procedures reference each other can result in undesired bound procedures. For this reason, it is generally best to make dynamic behavior explicit by using evaluable names.
    - There are situations where a program needs to do some setup before binding a procedure, and providing manual control over when binding happens allows more sophisticated use of binding.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {pop sprint {pop sprint}}
        onyx:1> dup 2 sprint
        {pop sprint {pop sprint}}
        onyx:1> bind
        onyx:1> dup 2 sprint
        {--pop-- _{sprints --print-- `\n' --print-- --flush--}_ {--pop-- -array-}}
        onyx:1>

sock addr port bindsocket -:
sock addr bindsocket -:
sock path bindsocket -:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
    addr:
      An IPv4 address or DNS hostname.
    port:
      An IPv4 port number. If not specified, the OS chooses a port number.
    path:
      A filesystem path for a Unix-domain socket.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    invalidfileaccess.
    neterror.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Bind an address/port to an IPv4 socket, or a filesystem path to a Unix-domain socket.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `localhost' 7777 bindsocket
        onyx:1> dup sockname 1 sprint
        <$family $AF_INET $address 2130706433 $port 7777>
        onyx:1> close
        onyx:0> $AF_LOCAL $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `/tmp/socket' bindsocket
        onyx:1> dup sockname 1 sprint
        <$family $AF_LOCAL $path `/tmp/socket'>
        onyx:1>

obj ,,, bpop ,,,:
  Input(s):
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Remove the bottom object from ostack and discard it.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2
        onyx:2> bpop pstack
        2
        onyx:1>

condition broadcast -:
  Input(s):
    condition:
      A condition object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Signal all threads that are waiting on condition. If there are no waiters, this operator has no effect.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> condition mutex dup lock ostack
        onyx:3> {dup lock exch broadcast unlock}
        onyx:4> thread 3 1 roll
        onyx:3> dup 3 1 roll
        onyx:4> wait unlock join
        onyx:0>

file bytesavailable count:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
  Output(s):
    count:
      Number of buffered readable bytes.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the number of buffered readable bytes that can be read without the possibility of blocking.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w+' open
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write
        onyx:1> dup `Goodbye\n' write
        onyx:1> dup 0 seek
        onyx:1> dup readline 1 sprint 1 sprint
        false
        `Hello'
        onyx:1> dup bytesavailable 1 sprint
        8
        onyx:1>

[a] [b] cat [a b]:
(a) (b) cat (a b):
`a' `b' cat `ab':
  Input(s):
    a:
      An array, stack, or string.
    b:
      An array, stack, or string.
  Output(s):
    ab:
      The catenation of a and b.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Catenate two arrays, strings, or stacks.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [`a'] [`b'] cat
        onyx:1> 1 sprint
        [`a' `b']
        onyx:0> (`a') (`b') cat
        onyx:1> 1 sprint
        (`a' `b')
        onyx:0> `a' `b' cat
        onyx:1> 1 sprint
        `ab'
        onyx:0>

obj ccheck boolean:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if obj has the callable attribute, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Check obj for callable attribute.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $name ccheck 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> $name cvc ccheck 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

path cd -:
  Input(s):
    path:
      A string that represents a filesystem path.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidaccess.
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Change the present working directory to path.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> pwd 1 sprint
        `/usr/local'
        onyx:0> `bin' cd
        onyx:0> pwd 1 sprint
        `/usr/local/bin'
        onyx:0>

name super data methods cdef -:
  Input(s):
    name:
      An object (usually a name) to set the class's name to and associate the class with.
    super:
      A superclass, or null.
    data:
      A dictionary of data definitions, or null.
    methods:
      A dictionary of method definitions, or null.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a new class with name as its name, super as its superclass, data as its data definitions, and methods as its method definitions. Define name in currentdict to be the class.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $fooclass vclass <$foodata `foo'> <$foomethod {`hi' 1 sprint}> cdef
        onyx:0> fooclass 1 sprint
        -class-
        onyx:0> fooclass:foomethod
        `hi'
        onyx:0>

a ceiling r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Integer ceiling of a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the integer ceiling of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> -1.51 ceiling 1 sprint
        -1
        onyx:0> -1.49 ceiling 1 sprint
        -1
        onyx:0> 0 ceiling 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0> 1.49 ceiling 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0> 1.51 ceiling 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0>

file/filename mode chmod -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    filename:
      A string that represents a filename.
    mode:
      An integer that represents a Unix file mode.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' 8@755 mkdir
        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' status $mode get 1 sprint
        16877
        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' `r' open
        onyx:1> dup 8@555 chmod
        onyx:1> `/tmp/tdir' status $mode get 1 sprint
        16749
        onyx:1>

file/filename uid gid chown -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    filename:
      A string that represents a filename.
    uid:
      An integer that represents a user ID.
    gid:
      An integer that represents a group ID.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Change the owner and group of a file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' 8@755 mkdir
        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' status
        onyx:1> dup $uid get 1 sprint
        1001
        onyx:1> $gid get 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' 1001 1001 chown
        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' status
        onyx:1> dup $uid get 1 sprint
        1001
        onyx:1> $gid get 1 sprint
        1001
        onyx:0>

path chroot -:
  Input(s):
    path:
      A string that represents a filesystem path.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidaccess.
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Change the root directory to path. This operator requires super-user priviledges.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> pwd 1 sprint
        `/home/jasone/cw/devroot'
        onyx:0> `/home/jasone' chroot
        onyx:0> pwd 1 sprint
        `/cw/devroot'
        onyx:0>

- class class:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    class:
      A class object.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Create a class object.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> class 1 sprint
        -class-
        onyx:0>

class classname -:
  Input(s):
    class:
      A class object.
  Output(s):
    name/null:
      A name or null object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get class's name.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> class classname 1 sprint
        null
        onyx:0> vclass classname 1 sprint
        $vclass
        onyx:0>

objects clear -:
  Input(s):
    objects:
      All objects on ostack.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Pop all objects off of ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 3 pstack
        3
        2
        1
        onyx:3> clear pstack
        onyx:0>

mark ... cleartomark -:
  Input(s):
    ...:
      Zero or more objects.
    mark:
      A mark object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    unmatchedmark.
  Description:
    Remove objects from ostack down to and including the topmost mark.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 mark 1 0 pstack
        0
        1
        -mark-
        3
        onyx:4> cleartomark pstack
        3
        onyx:1>

file close -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Close a file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w' open
        onyx:1> close
        onyx:0>

- condition condition:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    condition:
      A condition object.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Create a condition object.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> condition 1 sprint
        -condition-
        onyx:0>

sock addr port connect -:
sock path connect -:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
    addr:
      An IPv4 address or DNS hostname.
    port:
      An IPv4 port number. If not specified, the OS chooses a port number.
    path:
      A filesystem path for a Unix-domain socket.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    invalidfileaccess.
    neterror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Connect sock.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `localhost' 7777 connect
        onyx:1>

- continue -:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Terminate the current iteration of the innermost enclosing context, and start at the beginning of the next iteration. This operator can be called within the looping context of for , repeat , while , until , loop , foreach , and dirforeach .
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 1 5 {1 sprint continue bang} for
        1
        2
        3
        4
        5
        onyx:0>

srcarray dstarray copy dstsubarray:
srcdict dstdict copy dstdict:
srcstack dststack copy dststack:
srcstring dststring copy dstsubstring:
  Input(s):
    srcarray:
      An array object.
    srcdict:
      A dict object.
    srcstack:
      A stack object.
    srcstring:
      A string object.
    dstarray:
      An array object, at least as long as srcarray.
    dstdict:
      A dict object.
    dststack:
      A stack object.
    dststring:
      A string object, at least as long as srcstring.
  Output(s):
    dstsubarray:
      A subarray of dstarray, with the same contents as srcarray.
    dstdict:
      The same object as the input dstdict, but with the contents of srcdict inserted.
    dststack:
      The same object as the input dststack, but with the contents of srcstack pushed.
    dstsubstring:
      A substring of dststring, with the same contents as srcstring.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Copy from one object to another. Array and string copying are destructive; dictionary and stack copying are not.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [`a'] [`b' `c'] copy 1 sprint
        [`a']
        onyx:0> <$foo `foo'> <$bar `bar'> copy 1 sprint
        <$bar `bar' $foo `foo'>
        onyx:1> (1 2) (3 4) copy 1 sprint
        (3 4 1 2)
        onyx:1> `a' `bc' copy 1 sprint
        `a'
        onyx:1>

a cos r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Cosine of a in radians.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the cosine of a in radians.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 cos 1 sprint
        1.000000e+00
        onyx:0> 3.14 cos 1 sprint
        -9.999987e-01
        onyx:0> 3.1415927 cos 1 sprint
        -1.000000e+00
        onyx:0>

a cosh r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Hyperbolic cosine of a in radians.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the hyperbolic cosine of a in radians.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 cosh 1 sprint
        1.006766e+01
        onyx:0>

- count count:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    count:
      The number of objects on ostack.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the number of objects on ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 2 1 0 count pstack
        3
        0
        1
        2
        onyx:4>

- countdstack count:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    count:
      Number of dictionaries on dstack.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the number of dictionaries on dstack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> countdstack 1 sprint
        4
        onyx:0> dict begin
        onyx:0> countdstack 1 sprint
        5
        onyx:0>

- countestack count:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    count:
      The number of objects currently on the execution stack (recursion depth).
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the current number of objects on the execution stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> countestack 1 sprint
        3
        onyx:0> estack 1 sprint
        (--start-- -file- --estack--)
        onyx:0>

mark ... counttomark mark ...count:
  Input(s):
    ...:
      Zero or more objects.
    mark:
      A mark object.
  Output(s):
    ...:
      count objects.
    mark:
      The same mark that was passed in.
    count:
      The depth of mark on ostack.
  Error(s):
    unmatchedmark.
  Description:
    Get the depth of the topmost mark on ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 4 mark 2 1 0 counttomark 1 sprint
        3
        onyx:5>

- cstack stack:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      A snapshot of cstack.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get a snapshot of cstack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> cstack 1 sprint
        ()
        onyx:0>

- currentdict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      Topmost stack on dstack.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the topmost dictionary on dstack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> <$foo `foo'> begin
        onyx:0> currentdict 1 sprint
        <$foo `foo'>
        onyx:0>

- currentlocking boolean:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      If false, new objects are created with implicit locking disabled. Otherwise, new objects are created with implicit locking enabled.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the current implicit locking mode. See Section 2.7.1 for implicit synchronization details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> currentlocking 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> true setlocking
        onyx:0> currentlocking 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

obj cvc obj:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The same object that was passed in, but with the callable attribute set.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Set the callable attribute for obj.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $foo cvc 1 sprint
        :foo
        onyx:0>

real precision cvds string:
  Input(s):
    real:
      A real.
    precision:
      Number of digits after the decimal point to show. If negative, do not show trailing zeros.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string representation of real in decimal form with precision digits of decimal precision.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Convert real to a string representation in decimal notation, with precision digits of decimal precision.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 42.3 0 cvds 1 sprint
        `42'
        onyx:0> 42.3 1 cvds 1 sprint
        `42.3'
        onyx:0> -42.3 4 cvds 1 sprint
        `-42.3000'
        onyx:0> -43.3 -4 cvds 1 sprint
        `-42.3'
        onyx:0>

obj cve obj:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The same object that was passed in, but with the evaluable attribute set.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Set the evaluable attribute for obj.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [1 2 3] cve 1 sprint
        _{1 2 3}_
        onyx:0>

real precision cves string:
  Input(s):
    real:
      A real.
    precision:
      Number of digits after the decimal point to show.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string representation of real in exponential form with precision digits of decimal precision.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Convert real to a string representation in exponential notation, with precision digits of decimal precision.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 42.3 0 cves 1 sprint
        `4e+01'
        onyx:0> 42.3 1 cves 1 sprint
        `4.2e+01'
        onyx:0> 42.3 2 cves 1 sprint
        `4.23e+01'
        onyx:0> -42.3 5 cves 1 sprint
        `-4.23000e+01'
        onyx:0>

obj cvf obj:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The same object that was passed in, but with the fetchable attribute set.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Set the fetchable attribute for obj.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $foo cvf 1 sprint
        ,foo
        onyx:0>

obj cvi obj:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The same object that was passed in, but with the invokable attribute set.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Set the invokable attribute for obj.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $foo cvi 1 sprint
        ;foo
        onyx:0>

obj cvl obj:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The same object that was passed in, but with the literal attribute set.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Set the literal attribute for obj.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {1 2 3} cvl 1 sprint
        [1 2 3]
        onyx:0>

string cvn name:
  Input(s):
    string:
      A string.
  Output(s):
    name:
      A literal name that corresponds to string.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Convert string to a literal name.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `foo' cvn 1 sprint
        $foo
        onyx:0>

integer radix cvrs string:
  Input(s):
    integer:
      An integer.
    radix:
      A numerical base, from 2 to 36, inclusive.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string representation of integer in base radix.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Convert integer to a string representation in base radix.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 42 2 cvrs 1 sprint
        `101010'
        onyx:0> 42 16 cvrs 1 sprint
        `2a'
        onyx:0>

obj cvs string:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string representation of obj. The string depends on the type of obj:
      boolean:
        ``true'` or ``false'`.
      name:
        The string representation of the name.
      integer:
        The integer in base 10.
      operator:
        The string representation of the operator name or ``-operator-'`.
      real:
        The real in exponential notation.
      string:
        A printable representation of obj. The result can be evaluated to produce the original string.
      Other types:
        ``-nostringval-'`.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Convert obj to a string representation.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> true cvs 1 sprint
        `true'
        onyx:0> $foo cvs 1 sprint
        `foo'
        onyx:0> 42 cvs 1 sprint
        `42'
        onyx:0> ~pop cvs 1 sprint
        `pop'
        onyx:0> 42.0 cvs 1 sprint
        `4.200000e+01'
        onyx:0> `foo\nbar\\biz\`baz' cvs 1 sprint
        `\`foo\\nbar\\\\biz\\\`baz\''
        onyx:0> mutex cvs 1 sprint
        `--nostringval--'
        onyx:0>

obj cvx obj:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The same object that was passed in, but with the executable attribute set.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Set the executable attribute for obj.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [1 2 3] cvx 1 sprint
        {1 2 3}
        onyx:0>

class/instance data dict/null:
  Input(s):
    class/instance:
      A class or instance object.
  Output(s):
    dict/null:
      A dict or null object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the data associated with class or instance.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> vclass data 1 sprint
        <>
        onyx:0>

a dec r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer.
  Output(s):
    r:
      .
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Subtract one from a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 dec 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0>

key val def -:
  Input(s):
    key:
      An object.
    val:
      A value associated with key.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Define key with associated value val in the topmost dictionary on dstack. If key is already defined in that dictionary, the old definition is replaced.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $foo `foo' def
        onyx:0> foo 1 sprint
        `foo'
        onyx:0> $foo `FOO' def
        onyx:0> foo 1 sprint
        `FOO'
        onyx:0>

thread detach -:
  Input(s):
    thread:
      A thread object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Detach thread so that its resources will be automatically reclaimed after it exits. A thread may only be detached or joined once; any attempt to do so more than once results in undefined behavior (likely crash).
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2) {add 1 sprint self detach} thread
        3
        onyx:1>

- dict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      An empty dictionary.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Create an empty dictionary.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> dict 1 sprint
        <>
        onyx:0>

status die -:
  Input(s):
    status:
      A integer from 0 to 255 that is used as the program exit code.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Exit the program with exit code status.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 die

path proc dirforeach -:
  Input(s):
    path:
      A string that represents a filesystem path.
    proc:
      An object to be executed.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidaccess.
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    For each entry in the directory represented by path except for ``.'' and ``..'', push a string that represents the entry onto ostack and execute proc. This operator supports the continue and exit operators.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> pwd {1 sprint} dirforeach
        `CVS'
        `.cvsignore'
        `Cookfile'
        `Cookfile.inc'
        `latex'
        `Cookfile.inc.in'
        onyx:0> pwd {`Cookfile.inc' match
             {pop `Yes: ' print 1 sprint pop exit}
             {`Not: ' print 1 sprint} ifelse
        } dirforeach
        Not: `CVS'
        Not: `.cvsignore'
        Not: `Cookfile'
        Yes: `Cookfile.inc'
        onyx:0>

a b div r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
    b:
      A non-zero integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      The quotient of a divided by b.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefinedresult.
  Description:
    Return the quotient of a divided by b.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 4 2 div 1 sprint
        2.000000e+00
        onyx:0> 5 2.0 div 1 sprint
        2.500000e+00
        onyx:0> 5.0 0 div
        Error $undefinedresult
        ostack: (5.000000e+00 0)
        dstack: (-dict- -dict- -dict- -dict-)
        cstack: ()
        estack/istack trace (0..2):
        0:      --div--
        1:      -file-
        2:      --start--
        onyx:3>

a b c dn b c a:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
    c:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    b:
      An object.
    c:
      An object.
    a:
      An object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Rotate the top three objects on ostack down one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c' `d' dn pstack
        `b'
        `d'
        `c'
        `a'
        onyx:4>

- dstack stack:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      A snapshot of dstack.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get a snapshot of dstack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> dstack 1 sprint
        (-dict- -dict- -dict- -dict-)
        onyx:0>

obj dup obj dup:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The same object that was passed in.
    dup:
      A duplicate of obj.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the top object on ostack. For composite objects, the new object is a reference to the same composite object.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 dup pstack
        1
        1
        onyx:2>

obj echeck boolean:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if obj has the evaluable attribute, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Check obj for evaluable attribute.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {1 2 3} cve
        onyx:1> dup 1 sprint
        _{1 2 3}_
        onyx:1> echeck 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> {1 2 3} echeck 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> [1 2 3] echeck 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

- egid gid:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    gid:
      Process's effective group ID.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the process's effective group ID.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> egid 1 sprint
        1001
        onyx:0>

- end -:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Pop the topmost dictionary off dstack, thereby removing its contents from the namespace.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> <$foo `foo'> begin
        onyx:0> foo 1 sprint
        `foo'
        onyx:0> end
        onyx:0> foo 1 sprint
        Error $undefined
        ostack: ()
        dstack: (-dict- -dict- -dict- -dict-)
        cstack: ()
        estack/istack trace (0..2):
        0:      foo
        1:      -file-
        2:      --start--
        onyx:1>

- envdict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get envdict. See Section 2.11.2 for details on envdict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> envdict 0 sprint
        -dict-
        onyx:0>

arg escape -:
  Input(s):
    arg:
      Argument to be returned by the trapped operator invocation that traps this escape .
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Unwind the execution stack to the innermost trapped or start context.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {$arg escape} trapped {1 sprint} if
        $arg
        onyx:0>

a b eq boolean:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if a is equal to b, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Compare two objects for equality. Equality has the following meaning, depending on the types of a and b:
    array, condition, dict, file, handle, mutex, stack, thread:
      a and b are equal iff they refer to the same memory.
    operator:
      a and b are equal iff they refer to the same function.
    name, string:
      a and b are equal iff they are lexically equivalent. A name can be equal to a string.
    boolean:
      a and b are equal iff they are the same value.
    integer, real:
      a and b are equal iff they are the same value.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> mutex mutex eq 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> mutex dup eq 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> $foo `foo' eq 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> true true eq 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> true false eq 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1 1 eq 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1 2 eq 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1.0 1 eq 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1.0 1.1 eq 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

- estack stack:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      A current snapshot (copy) of the execution stack.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get a current snapshot of the execution stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> estack 1 sprint
        (--start-- -file- --estack--)
        onyx:0>

- euid uid:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    uid:
      Process's effective user ID.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the process's effective user ID.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> euid 1 sprint
        1001
        onyx:0>

obj eval -:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Evaluate object. See Section 2.1 for details on object evaluation.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> ``hi' 1 sprint' cvx eval
        `hi'
        onyx:0>

a b exch b a:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    b:
      The same object that was passed in.
    a:
      The same object that was passed in.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Exchange the top two objects on ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 pstack
        2
        1
        onyx:2> exch pstack
        1
        2
        onyx:2>

args exec -:
  Input(s):
    args:
      An array of strings. The first string in args is the path of the program to invoke, and any additional array elements are passed as command line arguments to the invoked program.
  Output(s):
    None (this operator does not return).
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Overlay a new program and execute it. The current contents of envdict are used to construct the new program's environment.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `Old program'
        onyx:1> [`/usr/local/bin/onyx'] exec
        Canonware Onyx, version 1.0.0.
        onyx:0>

- exit -:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Exit the innermost enclosing looping context immediately. This operator can be called within the looping context of for , repeat , while , until , loop , foreach , and dirforeach .
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {`hi' 1 sprint exit `bye' 1 sprint} loop
        `hi'
        onyx:0>

b exp r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      raised to the b power.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return (the base of natural logarithm) raised to the b power.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 exp 1 sprint
        2.008554e+01
        onyx:0>

- false false:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    false:
      The boolean value false.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Return false.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> false 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

obj fcheck boolean:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if obj has the fetchable attribute, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Check obj for fetchable attribute.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $name fcheck 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> $name cvf fcheck 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

a floor r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Integer floor of a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the integer floor of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> -1.51 floor 1 sprint
        -2
        onyx:0> -1.49 floor 1 sprint
        -2
        onyx:0> 0 floor 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0> 1.49 floor 1 sprint
        1
        onyx:0> 1.51 floor 1 sprint
        1
        onyx:0>

- flush -:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
  Description:
    Flush any buffered data associated with stdout.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `Hi\n' print
        onyx:0> flush
        Hi
        onyx:0>

file flushfile -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Flush any buffered data associated with file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `Hi\n' print
        onyx:0> stdout flushfile
        Hi
        onyx:0>

init inc limit proc for -:
  Input(s):
    init:
      Initial value of control variable.
    inc:
      Amount to increment control variable by at the end of each iteration.
    limit:
      Inclusive upper bound for control variable if less than or equal to init, otherwise inclusive lower bound for control variable.
    proc:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    At the beginning of each iteration, the current value of the control variable is pushed onto ostack.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Iteratively evaluate proc, pushing a control variable onto ostack at the beginning of each iteration, until the control variable has exceeded limit. This operator supports the continue and exit operators.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 1 3 {1 sprint} for
        0
        1
        2
        3
        onyx:0> 0 -1 -3 {1 sprint} for
        0
        -1
        -2
        -3
        onyx:0> 0 2 7 {1 sprint} for
        0
        2
        4
        6
        onyx:0> 0 1 1000 {dup 1 sprint 3 eq {exit} if} for
        0
        1
        2
        3
        onyx:0>

array proc foreach -:
dict proc foreach -:
stack proc foreach -:
string proc foreach -:
  Input(s):
    array:
      An array object.
    dict:
      A dict object.
    stack:
      A stack object.
    string:
      A string object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    For each entry in the first input argument (array, dict, stack, or string), push the entry onto ostack and execute proc. This operator supports the continue and exit operators.

    The object being iterated over can be modified during iteration, with the expectation of no ill consequences, and in most cases the modifications are immediately apparent. However, there are some cases in which behavior does not follow this guideline:

    $$
      Objects inserted into a dictionary during iteration may or may not be iterated over.
    $$
      In the case of stack iteration, a snapshot is taken before iteration begins, so any changes to the stack during iteration will not affect iteration in any way.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [1 2] {1 sprint} foreach
        1
        2
        onyx:0> <$foo `foo' $bar `bar'> {pstack clear} foreach
        `bar'
        $bar
        `foo'
        $foo
        onyx:0> (1 2) {pstack clear} foreach
        2
        1
        onyx:0> `ab' {pstack clear} foreach
        97
        98
        onyx:0>

args forkexec pid:
args redirects forkexec pid:
  Input(s):
  args:
    An array of strings. The first string in args is the path of the program to invoke, and any additional array elements are passed as command line arguments to the invoked program.
  redirects:
    A dictionary of file redirections. Each key/value pair specifies that the file descriptor associated with the key should be replaced by the file descriptor associated with the value. The file descriptor associated with the key is kept open across the exec.
  Output(s):
    pid:
      Process identifier for the new process, or 0 if the child process.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    limitcheck.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Fork and exec a new process. The current contents of envdict are used to construct the new program's environment.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [`/bin/date'] forkexec dup 1 sprint waitpid 1 sprint
        6516
        Sat Jul 13 20:47:54 PDT 2002
        0
        onyx:0>

- gcdict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get gcdict. See Section 2.11.4 for details on gcdict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> gcdict 0 sprint
        -dict-
        onyx:0>

a b ge boolean:
  Input(s):
    a:
      A number (integer or real) or string.
    b:
      An object of a type compatible with a.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if a is greater than or equal to b, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Compare two numbers or strings.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 ge 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1 1 ge 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 2 1 ge 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1 1.1 ge 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1.1 1.1 ge 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1.1 1 ge 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> `a' `b' ge 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> `a' `a' ge 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> `b' `a' ge 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

array index get obj:
dict key get value:
string index get integer:
  Input(s):
    array:
      An array object.
    dict:
      A dict object.
    string:
      A string object.
    index:
      Offset of array element or string element.
    key:
      A key in dict.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The object in array at offset index.
    value:
      The value in dict corresponding to key.
    integer:
      The ascii value of the character in string at offset index.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefined.
  Description:
    Get an element of array, a value in dict, or an element of string.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [`a' `b' `c'] 1 get 1 sprint
        `b'
        onyx:0> <$foo `foo' $bar `bar'> $bar get 1 sprint
        `bar'
        onyx:0> `abc' 1 get 1 sprint
        98
        onyx:0>

array index length getinterval subarray:
string index length getinterval substring:
  Input(s):
    array:
      An array object.
    string:
      A string object.
    index:
      The offset into array or string to get the interval from.
    length:
      The length of the interval in array or string to get.
  Output(s):
    subarray:
      A subarray of array at offset index and of length length.
    substring:
      A substring of string at offset index and of length length.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get an interval of array or string.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [0 1 2 3] 1 2 getinterval 1 sprint
        [1 2]
        onyx:0> `abcd' 1 2 getinterval 1 sprint
        `bc'
        onyx:0>

pid getpgid pgid:
  Input(s):
    pid:
      Process ID, or 0 (same as specifying the calling process's ID).
  Output(s):
    pgid:
      Process group ID.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the process group ID for the process with ID pid.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 getpgid 1 sprint
        15864
        onyx:0>

pid getsid sid:
  Input(s):
    pid:
      Process ID, or 0 (same as specifying the calling process's ID).
  Output(s):
    sid:
      Session ID.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the session ID for the process with ID pid.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 getsid 1 sprint
        1120
        onyx:0>

- gid gid:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    gid:
      Process's group ID.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the process's group ID.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> gid 1 sprint
        1001
        onyx:0>

- globaldict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get globaldict. See Section 2.11.5 for details on globaldict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> globaldict 1 sprint
        <>
        onyx:0>

- gmaxestack count:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    count:
      Default maximum allowable estack depth.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the default maximum allowable estack depth. This value is used when creating new threads.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> gmaxestack 1 sprint
        256
        onyx:0>

- gstderr file:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    file:
      A file object corresponding to the global stderr.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the global stderr that is inherited by new threads. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> gstderr pstack
        -file-
        onyx:1>

- gstdin file:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    file:
      A file object corresponding to the global stdin.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the global stdin that is inherited by new threads. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> gstdin pstack
        -file-
        onyx:1>

- gstdout file:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    file:
      A file object corresponding to the global stdout.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the global stdout that is inherited by new threads. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> gstdout pstack
        -file-
        onyx:1>

a b gt boolean:
  Input(s):
    a:
      A number (integer or real) or string.
    b:
      An object of a type compatible with a.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if a is greater than b, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Compare two numbers or strings.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 1 gt 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 2 1 gt 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1.1 1.1 gt 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1.1 1 gt 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> `a' `a' gt 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> `b' `a' gt 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

- gtailopt boolean:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if tail call optimization is enabled by default for new threads, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get whether tail call optimization is enabled by default for new threads.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> gtailopt 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

handle handletag tag:
  Input(s):
    handle:
      A handle object.
  Output(s):
    tag:
      The tag associated with handle.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the tag associated with handle.

...obj ,,,index ibdup ...obj ,,,dup:
  Input(s):
    ...:
      index objects.
    obj:
      An object.
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
    index:
      Offset from bottom of ostack, counting from 0.
  Output(s):
    ...:
      index objects.
    obj:
      An object.
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
    dup:
      Duplicate of obj.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the object on ostack that is at offset index from the bottom of ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:4> 2 ibdup pstack
        2
        3
        2
        1
        0
        onyx:5>

...obj ,,,index ibpop ...,,,:
  Input(s):
    ...:
      index objects.
    obj:
      An object.
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
    index:
      Offset from bottom of ostack, counting from 0.
  Output(s):
    ...:
      index objects.
    ,,,:
      Zero or more objects.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Remove the object from ostack that is at offset index from the bottom of ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 1 2 3
        onyx:4> 2 ibpop pstack
        3
        1
        0
        onyx:3>

obj icheck boolean:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if obj has the invokable attribute, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Check obj for invokable attribute.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $name icheck 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> $name cvi icheck 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

a b idiv r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer.
    b:
      A non-zero integer.
  Output(s):
    r:
      The integer quotient of a divided by b.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefinedresult.
  Description:
    Return the integer quotient of a divided by b.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 4 2 idiv 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0> 5 2 idiv 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0> 5 0 idiv
        Error $undefinedresult
        ostack: (5 0)
        dstack: (-dict- -dict- -dict- -dict-)
        cstack: ()
        estack/istack trace (0..2):
        0:      --idiv--
        1:      -file-
        2:      --start--
        onyx:3>

obj ...index idup obj ...dup:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
    index:
      Offset from top of ostack, counting from 0, not counting index), of the object to duplicate on ostack.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The same object that was passed in.
    dup:
      A duplicate of obj.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the object on ostack at index.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 2 1 0 2 idup pstack
        2
        0
        1
        2
        3
        onyx:5>

boolean obj if -:
  Input(s):
    boolean:
      A boolean.
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Evaluate obj if boolean is true.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> true {`yes' 1 sprint} if
        `yes'
        onyx:0> false {`yes' 1 sprint} if
        onyx:0>

boolean a b ifelse -:
  Input(s):
    boolean:
      A boolean.
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Evaluate a if boolean is true, evaluate b otherwise. See Section 2.1 for details on object evaluation.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> true {`yes'}{`no'} ifelse 1 sprint
        `yes'
        onyx:0> false {`yes'}{`no'} ifelse 1 sprint
        `no'
        onyx:0>

obj ilocked boolean:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An array, dict, file, or string.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if obj is implicitly locked, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Check if obj is implicitly locked.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> false setlocking
        onyx:0> [1 2 3] ilocked 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> true setlocking
        onyx:0> [1 2 3] ilocked 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

class name implementor class/null:
  Input(s):
    class:
      A class object.
    name:
      An object of any type, usually a name object.
  Output(s):
    class/null:
      A class or null object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Search up class's inheritance hierarchy and return the first class that implements name, or a null object if name is not implemented.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> class dup vclass setsuper
        onyx:1> $new implementor classname 1 sprint
        $vclass
        onyx:0>

class name implements boolean:
  Input(s):
    class:
      A class object.
    name:
      An object of any type, usually a name object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if name is implemented by class, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return true if name is implemented by class; return false otherwise.
  Example(s):

        onyx:1> vclass $new implements 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:1> vclass $foo implements 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:1>

a inc r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer.
  Output(s):
    r:
      .
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Add one to a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 inc 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0>

- instance instance:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    instance:
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Create an instance object.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> instance 1 sprint
        -instance-
        onyx:0>

file iobuf count:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
  Output(s):
    count:
      The size in bytes of the I/O buffer associated with file.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the size of the I/O buffer associated with file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> stdout iobuf 1 sprint
        512
        onyx:0> stderr iobuf 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0>

obj ...index ipop ...:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
    index:
      Offset from top of ostack, counting from 0, not counting index), of the object to remove from ostack.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Remove the obj at index from ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 2 1 0
        onyx:3> 1 ipop pstack
        0
        2
        onyx:2>

instance isa class/null:
  Input(s):
    instance:
      An instance object.
  Output(s):
    class/null:
      A class or null object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the class object that instance is an instance of.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> instance isa 1 sprint
        null
        onyx:0> instance dup vclass setisa
        onyx:1> isa classname 1 sprint
        $vclass
        onyx:0>

- istack stack:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      A current snapshot (copy) of the index stack.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get a current snapshot of the index stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> istack 1 sprint
        (0 0 0)
        onyx:0>

thread join -:
  Input(s):
    thread:
      A thread object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Wait for thread to exit. A thread may only be detached or joined once; any attempt to do so more than once results in undefined behavior (likely crash).
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2) {add 1 sprint} thread join `Done\n' print flush
        3
        Done
        onyx:0>

pid sig kill -:
  Input(s):
    pid:
      An integer. If pid is greater than 0, it specifies a process ID. If pid is 0, it specifies the calling program's process group. If pid is -1, the signal is sent to all non-system processes with ID 1. If pid is less than -1, its absolute value specifies a process group.
    sig:
      An integer, or one of the following names:
      - $SIGABRT
      - $SIGALRM
      - $SIGBUS
      - $SIGCHLD
      - $SIGCONT
      - $SIGFPE
      - $SIGHUP
      - $SIGILL
      - $SIGINT
      - $SIGKILL
      - $SIGPIPE
      - $SIGQUIT
      - $SIGSEGV
      - $SIGSTOP
      - $SIGTERM
      - $SIGTSTP
      - $SIGTTIN
      - $SIGTTOU
      - $SIGUSR1
      - $SIGUSR2
      - $SIGPOLL (may not be present)
      - $SIGPROF
      - $SIGSYS
      - $SIGTRAP
      - $SIGURG
      - $SIGVTALRM (may not be present)
      - $SIGXCPU
      - $SIGXFSZ
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    invalidaccess.
    limitcheck.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Send the signal specified by sig to the process or process group specified by pid.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> pid $SIGCONT kill
        onyx:0>

instance class kind boolean:
  Input(s):
    instance:
      An instance object.
    class:
      A class object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if class is in instance's inheritance hierarchy, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Determine whether class is in instance's inheritance hierarchy.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $fooclass class dup vclass setsuper def
        onyx:0> instance dup fooclass setisa
        onyx:1> dup fooclass kind 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:1> dup vclass kind 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:1>

dict key known boolean:
  Input(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
    key:
      A key to look for in dict.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if key is defined in dict, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Check whether key is defined in dict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:1> <$foo `foo'> $foo known 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:1> <$foo `foo'> $bar known 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:1>

obj lcheck boolean:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if obj has the literal attribute, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Check obj for literal attribute.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {1 2 3} lcheck 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> [1 2 3] lcheck 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

a b le boolean:
  Input(s):
    a:
      A number (integer or real) or string.
    b:
      An object of a type compatible with a.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if a is less than or equal to b, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Compare two numbers or strings.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 le 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1 1 le 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 2 1 le 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1 1.1 le 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1.1 1.1 le 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1.1 1 le 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> `a' `b' le 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> `a' `a' le 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> `b' `a' le 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

array length count:
dict length count:
name length count:
string length count:
  Input(s):
    array:
      An array object.
    dict:
      A dict object.
    name:
      A name object.
    string:
      A string object.
  Output(s):
    count:
      Number of elements in array, number of entries in dict, number of characters in name, or number of characters in string.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the umber of elements in array, number of entries in dict, number of characters in name, or number of characters in string.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [1 2 3] length 1 sprint
        3
        onyx:0> <$foo `foo' $bar `bar'> length 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0> $foo length 1 sprint
        3
        onyx:0> `foo' length 1 sprint
        3
        onyx:0>

filename linkname link -:
  Input(s):
    filename:
      A string that represents a filename.
    linkname:
      A string that represents a filename.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefinedfilename.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Create a hard link from linkname to filename.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w' open
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write
        onyx:1> dup flushfile
        onyx:1> close
        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `/tmp/bar' link
        onyx:0> `/tmp/bar' `r' open
        onyx:1> readline
        onyx:2> pstack
        false
        `Hello'
        onyx:2>

sock backlog listen -:
sock listen -:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
    backlog:
      Maximum backlog of connections to listen for. If not specified, the maximum backlog is used.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    neterror.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Listen for connections on a socket.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `localhost' 7777 bindsocket
        onyx:1> dup listen
        onyx:1>

a ln r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Natural logarithm of a.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the natural logarithm of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 5 ln 1 sprint
        1.609438e+00
        onyx:0> 8.5 ln 1 sprint
        2.140066e+00
        onyx:0>

key load val:
  Input(s):
    key:
      A key to look up in dstack.
  Output(s):
    val:
      The value associated with the topmost definition of key in dstack.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    undefined.
  Description:
    Get the topmost definition of key in dstack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:1> <$foo `foo'> begin
        onyx:1> <$foo `FOO'> begin
        onyx:1> $foo load 1 sprint
        `FOO'
        onyx:1>

nsecs localtime dict:
  Input(s):
    nsecs:
      Number of nanoseconds since the epoch.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary that contains the following entries:
      sec:
        Seconds (0-59).
      min:
        Minutes (0-59).
      hour:
        Hours (0-23).
      mday:
        Month day (1-31).
      mon:
        Month (0-11).
      year:
        Year.
      wday:
        Week day (0-6, Sunday is 0).
      yday:
        Year day (0-365).
      isdst:
        Is daylight savings time (true or false).
      zone:
        Time zone (string).
      gmtoff:
        Offset from UTC in seconds.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    rangecheck.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Convert a time, as returned by realtime, to a dictionary that contains time information in a more human-usable format.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $date {
            realtime localtime

            [`Sunday' `Monday' `Tuesday' `Wednesday' `Thursday' `Friday' `Saturday']
            over $wday get
            get
            ` ' cat

            over $year get cvs
            `/' 3 ncat

            over $mon get inc <$w 2 $p `0'> outputs
            `/' 3 ncat

            over $mday get <$w 2 $p `0'> outputs
            ` ' 3 ncat

            over $hour get <$w 2 $p `0'> outputs
            `:' 3 ncat

            over $min get <$w 2 $p `0'> outputs
            `:' 3 ncat

            over $sec get <$w 2 $p `0'> outputs
            ` (' 3 ncat

            exch $zone get
            `)\n' 3 ncat

            print flush
        } def
        onyx:0> date
        Monday 2003/03/17 01:31:49 (PST)
        onyx:0>

mutex lock -:
  Input(s):
    mutex:
      A mutex object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Acquire mutex, waiting if necessary. Attempting to acquire mutex recursively will result in undefined behavior (likely deadlock or crash).
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> mutex dup lock unlock
        onyx:0>

a log r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Base 10 logarithm of a.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the base 10 logarithm of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 5 log 1 sprint
        6.989700e-01
        onyx:0> 8.5 log 1 sprint
        9.294189e-01
        onyx:0>

proc loop -:
  Input(s):
    proc:
      An object to evaluate.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Repeatedly evaluate proc indefinitely. This operator supports the continue and exit operators.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 {1 add dup 1 sprint dup 3 eq {pop exit} if} loop
        1
        2
        3
        onyx:0>

a b lt boolean:
  Input(s):
    a:
      A number (integer or real) or string.
    b:
      An object of a type compatible with a.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if a is less than b, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Compare two numbers or strings.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 lt 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1 1 lt 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1 1.1 lt 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1.1 1.1 lt 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1.1 1 lt 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> `a' `b' lt 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> `a' `a' lt 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

- mark mark:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    mark:
      A mark object.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Push a mark onto ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> mark pstack
        -mark-
        onyx:1>

- maxestack count:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    count:
      Maximum allowable estack depth.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the maximum allowable estack depth.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> maxestack 1 sprint
        256
        onyx:0>

input pattern flags match boolean:
input pattern match boolean:
input regex match boolean:
  Input(s):
    input:
      An input string to find matches in.
    pattern:
      A string that specifies a regular expression. See Section 2.9 for syntax.
    flags:
      A dictionary of optional flags:
      $c:
        Continue where previous match ended. Don't update the offset to start the next match from unless this match is successful. Defaults to false.
      $g:
        Continue where previous match ended. If the match is unsuccessful, update the offset to start the next match from to the beginning of input. Defaults to false.
      $i:
        Case insensitive. Defaults to false.
      $m:
        Treat input as a multi-line string. Defaults to false.
      $s:
        Treat input as a single line, so that the dot metacharacter matches any character, including a newline. Defaults to false.
    regex:
      A regex object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      true:
        Match successful.
      false:
        No match found.
  Error(s):
    regexerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Look in input for a match to the regular expression specified by regex/pattern/flags.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `input' `I' <$i true> match {0 submatch 1 sprint} if
        `i'
        onyx:0> `input' `I' <$i true> regex match {0 submatch 1 sprint} if
        `i'
        onyx:0> `input' `I' match {0 submatch 1 sprint} if
        onyx:0>

class name method method:
  Input(s):
    class:
      A class object.
    name:
      An object of any type, usually a name object.
  Output(s):
    method:
      The bottommost method associated with name in class's inheritance hierarchy.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefined.
  Description:
    Get the bottommost method associated with name in class's inheritance hierarchy.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $fooclass class dup vclass setsuper def
        onyx:0> fooclass $new method 1 sprint
        {--instance-- --dup-- --dn-- --setisa-- --dup-- --dict-- --setdata--}
        onyx:0>

class methods dict/null:
  Input(s):
    class:
      A class object.
  Output(s):
    dict/null:
      A dict or null object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the methods associated with class.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> vclass methods 0 sprint
        -dict-
        onyx:0>

path mkdir -:
path mode mkdir -:
  Input(s):
    path:
      A string object that represents a directory path.
    mode:
      An integer that represents a Unix file mode.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Create a directory.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' 8@755 mkdir
        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' {1 sprint} dirforeach
        `.'
        `..'
        onyx:0>

path mkfifo -:
path mode mkfifo -:
  Input(s):
    path:
      A string object that represents a directory path.
    mode:
      An integer that represents a Unix file mode.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Create a named pipe.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/fifo' mkfifo
        onyx:0>

a b mod r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
    b:
      A non-zero integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      The modulus of a and b.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefinedresult.
  Description:
    Return the modulus of a and b. Note that a and b can be any combination of integers and reals.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 4 2 mod 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0> 5 2 mod 1 sprint
        1
        onyx:0> 5 0 mod
        Error $undefinedresult
        ostack: (5 0)
        dstack: (-dict- -dict- -dict- -dict-)
        cstack: ()
        estack/istack trace (0..2):
        0:      --mod--
        1:      -file-
        2:      --start--
        onyx:3>

path symbol modload -:
  Input(s):
    path:
      A string that represents a module filename.
    symbol:
      A string that represents the symbol name of a module initialization function to be executed.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefined.
  Description:
    Dynamically load a module, create a handle object that encapsulates the handle returned by dlopen(3) (handle data pointer) and the module initialization function (handle evaluation function), and evaluate the handle.

    All objects that refer to code and/or data that are part of the module must directly and/or indirectly maintain a reference to the handle that is evaluated by this operator, since failing to do so would allow the garbage collector to unload the module, which could result in dangling pointers to unmapped memory regions.

    Loadable modules present a problem for the garbage collector during the sweep phase. All objects that refer to memory that is dynamically mapped as part of the module must be destroyed before the module is unloaded. Destruction ordering constraints show up in other situations as well, but in the case of loadable modules, there is no reasonable solution except to explicitly order the destruction of objects. Therefore, by default, the handle that is evaluated by modload is destroyed during the second sweep pass (count starts at 0). It is possible for a module to override what sweep pass the handle is destroyed on, in cases where there are additional ordering constraints for the objects created by a module. This isn't important from the Onyx language perspective, but is important to understand when implementing modules.

  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/usr/local/share/onyx/nxm/modprompt.nxm' `modprompt_init'
        onyx:2> modload
        onyx:0>

mutex proc monitor -:
  Input(s):
    mutex:
      A mutex.
    proc:
      Any object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Execute proc while holding mutex.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> mutex {`hello\n' print} monitor flush
        hello
        onyx:0>

file symbol mrequire -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A string that represents a module filename.
    symbol:
      A string that represents the symbol name of a module initialization function to be executed.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefined.
    undefinedfilename.
  Description:
    Search for and load a module. The module is searched for by catenating a prefix, a ``/'', and file to form a file path. Prefixes are tried in the following order:
    1. The ordered elements of the mpath_pre array, which is defined in onyxdict.
    2. If defined, the ordered elements of the ONYX_MPATH environment variable, which is a colon-separated list.
    3. The ordered elements of the mpath_post array, which is defined in onyxdict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `modgtk.nxm' `modgtk_init' mrequire
        onyx:0>

a b mul r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
    b:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      The product of a and b.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the product of a and b.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 17 mul 1 sprint
        51
        onyx:0> -5 -6 mul 1 sprint
        30
        onyx:0> 3.5 4.0 mul 1 sprint
        1.400000e+01
        onyx:0> -1.5 3 mul 1 sprint
        -4.500000e+00
        onyx:0>

- mutex mutex:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    mutex:
      A mutex object.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Create a mutex.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> mutex 1 sprint
        -mutex-
        onyx:0>

objects ...count nbpop ...:
  Input(s):
    objects:
      Zero or more objects.
    count:
      Number of objects to pop.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Remove the bottom count objects from ostack and discard them.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c' 2 nbpop pstack
        `c'
        onyx:1>

arrays count ncat array:
stacks count ncat stack:
strings count ncat string:
  Input(s):
    arrays:
      count arrays.
    stacks:
      count stacks.
    strings:
      count strings.
    count:
      Number of arrays, stacks, or strings to catenate.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The catenation of arrays, stacks, or strings.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Catenate count arrays, stacks, or strings.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [`a'] [`b'] [`c'] 3 ncat 1 sprint
        [`a' `b' `c']
        onyx:0> (`a') (`b') (`c') 3 ncat 1 sprint
        (`a' `b' `c')
        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c' 3 ncat 1 sprint
        `abc'
        onyx:0>

a ...b count ndn ...b a:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    ...:
      objects.
    b:
      An object.
    count:
      Number of objects to rotate downward.
  Output(s):
    ...:
      objects.
    b:
      An object.
    a:
      An object.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate count objects on ostack down one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c' `d' `e' 4 ndn pstack
        `b'
        `e'
        `d'
        `c'
        `a'
        onyx:5>

objects count ndup objects objects:
  Input(s):
    objects:
      Zero or more objects.
    count:
      The number of objects do duplicate.
  Output(s):
    objects:
      The same objects that were passed in.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create duplicates of the top count objects on ostack. For composite objects, the new object is a reference to the same composite object.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c' 2 ndup pstack
        `c'
        `b'
        `c'
        `b'
        `a'
        onyx:5>

a b ne boolean:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if a is not equal to b, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Compare two objects for inequality. Inequality has the following meaning, depending on the types of a and b:
    array, condition, dict, file, handle, mutex, stack, thread:
      a and b are not equal unless they refer to the same memory.
    operator:
      a and b are not equal unless they refer to the same function.
    name, string:
      a and b are not equal iff they are lexically equivalent. A name can be equal to a string.
    boolean:
      a and b are not equal unless they are the same value.
    integer, real:
      a and b are not equal unless they are the same value.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> mutex mutex ne 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> mutex dup ne 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> $foo `foo' ne 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> $foo $bar ne 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> true false ne 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> true true ne 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1 1 ne 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1 2 ne 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1.0 1 ne 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 1.0 1.1 ne 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

a neg r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer.
  Output(s):
    r:
      The negative of a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the negative of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 neg 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0> 5 neg 1 sprint
        -5
        onyx:0> -5 neg 1 sprint
        5
        onyx:0> 3.14 neg 1 sprint
        -3.140000e+00
        onyx:0> -3.14 neg 1 sprint
        3.140000e+00
        onyx:0>

a b nip b:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    b:
      An object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Remove the second to top object from ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c'
        onyx:3> nip pstack
        `c'
        `a'
        onyx:2>

file nonblocking boolean:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      Nonb-blocking mode for file.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get non-blocking mode for file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w' open
        onyx:1> dup nonblocking 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:1> dup true setnonblocking
        onyx:1> dup nonblocking 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:1>

a not r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or boolean.
  Output(s):
    r:
      If a is an integer, the bitwise negation of a, otherwise the logical negation of a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the bitwise negation of an integer, or the logical negation of a boolean.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> true not 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> false not 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 1 not 1 sprint
        -2
        onyx:0>

objects count npop -:
  Input(s):
    objects:
      Zero or more objects.
    count:
      Number of objects to pop.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Remove the top count objects from ostack and discard them.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c' 2 npop pstack
        `a'
        onyx:1>

nanoseconds nsleep -:
  Input(s):
    nanoseconds:
      Minimum number of nanoseconds to sleep. Must be greater than 0.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Sleep for at least nanoseconds nanonseconds.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1000 nsleep
        onyx:0>

- null null:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    null:
      A null object.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Create a null object.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> null pstack
        null
        onyx:1>

a ...b count nup b a ...:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    ...:
      objects.
    b:
      An object.
    count:
      Number of objects to rotate upward.
  Output(s):
    b:
      An object.
    a:
      An object.
    ...:
      objects.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate count objects on ostack up one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c' `d' `e' 4 nup pstack
        `d'
        `c'
        `b'
        `e'
        `a'
        onyx:5>

input submatch offset offset:
  Input(s):
    input:
      A string.
    submatch:
      A substring of input.
  Output(s):
    offset:
      The integer offset of submatch, relative to the beginning of input.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the offset of submatch, relative to the beginning of input. submatch must be a substring of input.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `input' dup `n(p)u' match {1 submatch offset 1 sprint} if
        2
        onyx:0>

- onyxdict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get onyxdict. See Section 2.11.6 for details on onyxdict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> onyxdict 1 sprint
        <$rpath_pre -array- $rpath_post -array- $mpath_pre -array- $mpath_post -array->
        onyx:0>

filename flags open file:
filename flags mode open file:
  Input(s):
    filename:
      A string that represents a filename.
    flags:
      A string that represents a file mode:
      `r':
        Read only.
      `r+':
        Read/write, starting at offset 0.
      `w':
        Write only. Create file if necessary. Truncate file if non-zero length.
      `w+':
        Read/write, starting at offset 0. Create file if necessary.
      `a':
        Write only, starting at end of file.
      `a+':
        Read/write, starting at end of file.
    mode:
      Mode to use when creating a new file (defaults to 0777). Note that the process's umask also affects creation mode.
  Output(s):
    file:
      A file object.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    limitcheck.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Open a file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w' open pstack
        -file-
        onyx:1>

a b or r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or boolean.
    b:
      The same type as a.
  Output(s):
    r:
      If a and b are integers, their bitwise or, otherwise their logical or.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the bitwise or of two integers, or the logical or of two booleans.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> false false or 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> true false or 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> 5 3 or 1 sprint
        7
        onyx:0>

array origin false:
array origin string line true:
  Input(s):
    array:
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string (typically a filename) that tells what the origin of array was.
    line:
      An integer that represents the line within string that array started at.
    false/true:
      If false, no origin is recorded for array. If true, the origin is recorded for array, and string and line are also returned.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    If the origin of array is recorded, return the string and line that represent the origin.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {} origin {exch 1 sprint 1 sprint} if
        `*stdin*'
        1
        onyx:0> [] origin {exch 1 sprint 1 sprint} if
        onyx:0>

- ostack stack:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      A current snapshot (copy) of ostack.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get a current snapshot of ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 3 ostack pstack
        (1 2 3)
        3
        2
        1
        onyx:4>

obj depth output -:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object to print syntactically.
    depth:
      Maximum recursion depth.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Syntactically print obj. See Section 2.11.7 for format specifier details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [1 [2 3] 4] <$w 20 $p `_' $j $c $r 1> output `\n' print flush
        ___[1 -array- 4]____
        onyx:0> [1 [2 3] 4] <$w 20 $p `_' $j $c $r 2> output `\n' print flush
        ____[1 [2 3] 4]_____
        onyx:0> 4242 <$s $+> output `\n' print flush
        +4242
        onyx:0> `0x' print 4242 <$b 16> output `\n' print flush
        0x1092
        onyx:0> `0x' 4242 <$b 16> outputs cat <$w 10 $p `.'>
        onyx:2>  output `\n' print flush
        ....0x1092
        onyx:0> `0x' print 4242 <$w 8 $p `0' $b 16> output `\n' print flush
        0x00001092
        onyx:0>

obj flags outputs string:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object to print syntactically.
    depth:
      Formatting flags. See Section 2.11.7 for details on the supported flags.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A formatted string representation of obj. See Section 2.11.7 for format specifier details.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a formatted string representation of obj.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [1 [2 3] 4] <$w 20 $p `_' $j $c $r 1> outputs print `\n' print flush
        ___[1 -array- 4]____
        onyx:0> [1 [2 3] 4] <$w 20 $p `_' $j $c $r 2> outputs print `\n' print flush
        ____[1 [2 3] 4]_____
        onyx:0> 4242 <$s $+> outputs print `\n' print flush
        +4242
        onyx:0> `0x' print 4242 <$b 16> outputs print `\n' print flush
        0x1092
        onyx:0> `0x' 4242 <$b 16> outputs cat <$w 10 $p `.'> outputs
        onyx:1> print `\n' print flush
        ....0x1092
        onyx:0> `0x' print 4242 <$w 8 $p `0' $b 16> outputs print `\n' print flush
        0x00001092
        onyx:0>

- outputsdict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get outputsdict. See Section 2.11.7 for details on outputsdict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> outputsdict 0 sprint
        -dict-
        onyx:0>

a b over a b a:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the second object on ostack and push it onto ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 1 2 over pstack
        1
        2
        1
        0
        onyx:4>

prog path path/null:
  Input(s):
    prog:
      A string that specifies a program to search for in the PATH environment variable.
  Output(s):
    path:
      A string that specifies the path to prog.
    null:
      prog was not found.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Search for prog in the PATH, and return a string that is suitable for subsequent calls to operators such as exec , forkexec , and system .
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `cat' path 1 sprint
        `/bin/cat'
        onyx:0>

sock peername dict:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary of information about the peer end of sock. Depending on the socket family, the following entries may exist:
      family:
        Socket family.
      address:
        IPv4 address.
      port:
        IPv4 port.
      path:
        Unix-domain socket path.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    ioerror.
    neterror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Get information about the peer end of sock.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `localhost' 7777 bindsocket
        onyx:1> dup listen
        onyx:1> dup accept
        onyx:2> dup peername 1 sprint
        <$family $AF_INET $address 2130706433 $port 33746>
        onyx:2>

- pid pid:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    pid:
      Process identifier.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the process ID of the running process.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> pid 1 sprint
        80624
        onyx:0>

- pipe rfile wfile:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    rfile:
      A readable file object. Data read from rfile were previously written to wfile.
    wfile:
      A writeable file object. Data written to wfile can subsequently be read from rfile.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Create a pipe.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> pipe
        onyx:2> $wfile exch def
        onyx:1> $rfile exch def
        onyx:0> wfile `foo\n' write
        onyx:0> wfile flushfile
        onyx:0> rfile readline pop 1 sprint
        `foo'
        onyx:0>

<file flags ...> timeout poll [file ...]:
  Input(s):
    <...>:
      A dictionary of file/flags key/value pairs.
      file:
        A file object.
      flags:
        A dictionary that contains keys corresponding to file status attributes to poll. The following keys are heeded:
        $POLLIN:
          Normal or priority data are available for reading.
        $POLLRDNORM:
          Normal data are available for reading.
        $POLLRDBAND:
          Priority data are available for reading.
        $POLLPRI:
          High-priority data are available for reading.
        $POLLOUT:
          Normal data can be written.
        $POLLWRNORM:
          Normal data can be written.
        $POLLWRBAND:
          Priority data can be written.
        The values associated with the keys are disregarded, but are set appropriately before poll returns (true/false).
    timeout:
      Timeout, in milliseconds (maximum ). -1 is treated specially to mean infinite timeout.
  Output(s):
    [...]:
      An array containing a reference to each file in <...> for which a non-zero number of status attributes is set to true. A zero-length array indicates that the poll timed out.
      file:
        A reference to a file object passed in that has one or more attributes set to true.
    Although <...> is not returned, its contents are modified.
    flags:
      The dictionary passed in. For recognized key that is defined, the associated value is set to true or false, depending on the status of file. In addition, the following keys may defined (if not already defined) with a value of true in the case of errors:
      $POLLERR:
        An error has occurred.
      $POLLHUP:
        Hangup has occurred.
      $POLLNVAL:
        file is not an open file.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    rangecheck.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Wait for any of the flags associated with a file in <...> to be true.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> <stdout <$POLLOUT null> stderr <$POLLWRNORM null>> dup 0 poll
        onyx:2> 2 sprint 2 sprint
        [-file- -file-]
        <-file- <$POLLWRNORM true> -file- <$POLLOUT true>>
        onyx:0>

obj pop -:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Remove the top object from ostack and discard it.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2
        onyx:2> pstack
        2
        1
        onyx:2> pop
        onyx:1> pstack
        1
        onyx:1>

a b pow r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
    b:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      a to the b power.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return a to the b power. If a negative exponent is specified, the result will always be a real, even if both arguments are integers.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 5 0 pow 1 sprint
        1
        onyx:0> 5 1 pow 1 sprint
        5
        onyx:0> 5 2 pow 1 sprint
        25
        onyx:0> -5 3 pow 1 sprint
        -125
        onyx:0> 5 -3 pow 1 sprint
        8.000000e-03
        onyx:0> 2.1 3.5 pow 1 sprint
        1.342046e+01
        onyx:0> 100 .01 pow 1 sprint
        1.000000e+02
        onyx:0>

- ppid pid:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    pid:
      Process identifier.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the process ID of the running process's parent.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> ppid 1 sprint
        352
        onyx:0>

string print -:
  Input(s):
    string:
      A string object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Print string to stdout.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `Hi\n' print flush
        Hi
        onyx:0>

- product string:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string that contains the product name, normally `Canonware Onyx'.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the product string. The string returned is a reference to the original product string.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> product pstack
        `Canonware Onyx'
        onyx:1>

- pstack -:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
  Description:
    Syntactically print the elements of ostack, one per line.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' 1 mark $foo [1 2 3] (4 5 6)
        onyx:6> pstack
        (4 5 6)
        [1 2 3]
        $foo
        -mark-
        1
        `a'
        onyx:6>

array index obj put -:
dict key value put -:
string index integer put -:
  Input(s):
    array:
      An array object.
    dict:
      A dict object.
    string:
      A string object.
    index:
      Offset in array or string to put obj or integer, respectively.
    key:
      An object to use as a key in dict.
    obj:
      An object to insert into array at offset index.
    value:
      An object to associate with key in dict.
    integer:
      The ascii value of a character to insert into string at offset index.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Insert into array, dict, or string.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 array dup 1 `a' put 1 sprint
        [null `a' null]
        onyx:0> dict dup $foo `foo' put 1 sprint
        <$foo `foo'>
        onyx:0> 3 string dup 1 97 put 1 sprint
        `\x00a\x00'
        onyx:0>

array index subarray putinterval -:
string index substring putinterval -:
  Input(s):
    array:
      An array object.
    string:
      A string object.
    index:
      Offset into array or string to put subarray or substring, respectively.
    subarray:
      An array object to put into array at offset index. When inserted subarray must not extend past the end of array.
    substring:
      A string object to put into string at offset index. When inserted substring must not extend past the end of string.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Replace a portion of array or string.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 4 array dup 1 [`a' `b'] putinterval 1 sprint
        [null `a' `b' null]
        onyx:0> 4 string dup 1 `ab' putinterval 1 sprint
        `\x00ab\x00'
        onyx:0>

- pwd path:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    path:
      A string that represents the present working directory.
  Error(s):
    invalidaccess.
  Description:
    Push a string onto ostack that represents the present working directory.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> pwd
        onyx:1> pstack
        `/usr/local/bin'
        onyx:1>

- quit -:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Unwind the execution stack to the innermost start context. Under normal circumstances, there is always at least one such context.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> stdin cvx start
        onyx:0> estack 1 sprint
        (--start-- -file- --start-- -file- --estack--)
        onyx:0> quit
        onyx:0> estack 1 sprint
        (--start-- -file- --estack--)
        onyx:0>

- rand integer:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    integer:
      A pseudo-random non-negative integer, with 63 bits of psuedo-randomness.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Return a pseudo-random integer.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 srand
        onyx:0> rand 1 sprint
        9018578418316157091
        onyx:0> rand 1 sprint
        8979240987855095636
        onyx:0>

file read integer boolean:
file string read substring boolean:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    string:
      A string object.
  Output(s):
    integer:
      An integer that represents the ascii value of a character that was read from file.
    substring:
      A substring of string that contains data read from file.
    boolean:
      If true, end of file reached during read.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Read from file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w+' open
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write
        onyx:1> dup flushfile
        onyx:1> dup 0 seek
        onyx:1> dup 10 string read
        onyx:3> pop 1 sprint
        `Hello\n'

file readline string boolean:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string that contains a line of text from file.
    boolean:
      If true, end of file reached during read.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Read a line of text from file. Lines are separated by ``\n'' or ``\r\n'', which is removed. The last line in a file may not have a newline at the end.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w+' open
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write
        onyx:1> dup `Goodbye\n' write
        onyx:1> dup 0 seek
        onyx:1> dup readline 1 sprint 1 sprint
        false
        `Hello'
        onyx:1> dup readline 1 sprint 1 sprint
        false
        `Goodbye'
        onyx:1> dup readline 1 sprint 1 sprint
        true
        `'
        onyx:1>

linkname readlink string:
  Input(s):
    linkname:
      A string that represents the path of a symbolic link.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string that represents the link data associated with linkname.
  Error(s):
    invalidaccess.
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefinedfilename.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Get the data for the symbolic link at linkname.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `bar' `foo' symlink
        onyx:0> `foo' readlink 1 sprint
        `bar'
        onyx:0>

- realtime nsecs:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    nsecs:
      Number of nanoseconds since the epoch (midnight on 1 January 1970).
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the number of nanoseconds since the epoch.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> realtime 1 sprint
        993539837806479000
        onyx:0>

sock string flags recv substring:
sock string recv substring:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
    string:
      A string to use as a buffer for the message being received.
    flags:
      An array of flag names. The following flags are supported:
      $MSG_OOB
      $MSG_PEEK
      $MSG_WAITALL
  Output(s):
    substring:
      A substring of string that contains message data.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    neterror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_DGRAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `localhost' 7777 bindsocket
        onyx:1> dup true setnonblocking
        onyx:1> dup 10 string recv
        onyx:2> 1 sprint
        `hello'
        onyx:1>

string flags regex regex:
string regex regex:
  Input(s):
    string:
      A string that specifies a regular expression. See Section 2.9 for syntax.
    flags:
      A dictionary of optional flags:
      $c:
        Continue where previous match ended. Don't update the offset to start the next match from unless this match is successful. Defaults to false.
      $g:
        Continue where previous match ended. If the match is unsuccessful, update the offset to start the next match from to the beginning of input. Defaults to false.
      $i:
        Case insensitive. Defaults to false.
      $m:
        Treat input as a multi-line string. Defaults to false.
      $s:
        Treat input as a single line, so that the dot metacharacter matches any character, including a newline. Defaults to false.
  Output(s):
    regex:
      A regex object.
  Error(s):
    regexerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a regex object, according to string and flags.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `pattern' regex 1 sprint
        -regex-
        onyx:0> `pattern' <$g true> regex 1 sprint
        -regex-
        onyx:0>

pattern template flags regsub regsub:
pattern template regsub regsub:
  Input(s):
    pattern:
      A string that specifies a regular expression. See Section 2.9 for syntax.
    template:
      A string that specifies a substitution template. See Section 2.9 for syntax.
    flags:
      A dictionary of optional flags:
      $g:
        Substitute all matches, if true, rather than just the first match. Defaults to false.
      $i:
        Case insensitive. Defaults to false.
      $m:
        Treat input as a multi-line string. Defaults to false.
      $s:
        Treat input as a single line, so that the dot metacharacter matches any character, including a newline. Defaults to false.
  Output(s):
    regsub:
      A regsub object.
  Error(s):
    regexerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a regsub object, according to pattern, template, and flags.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `([a-z]+)' `<\1>' <$g true> regsub
        onyx:1> 1 sprint
        -regsub-
        onyx:0>

old new rename -:
  Input(s):
    old:
      A string object that represents a file path.
    new:
      A string object that represents a file path.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    limitcheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefinedfilename.
  Description:
    Rename a file or directory from old to new.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' 8@755 mkdir
        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' `/tmp/ndir' rename
        onyx:0> `/tmp/ndir' {1 sprint} dirforeach
        `.'
        `..'
        onyx:0>

count proc repeat -:
  Input(s):
    count:
      Number of times to evaluate proc (non-negative).
    proc:
      An object to evaluate.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Evaluate proc count times. This operator supports the continue and exit operators.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 {`hi' 1 sprint} repeat
        `hi'
        `hi'
        `hi'
        onyx:0>

file require -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A string that represents a module filename.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefined.
    undefinedfilename.
  Description:
    Search for and evaluate an Onyx source file. The file is searched for by catenating a prefix, a ``/'', and file to form a file path. Prefixes are tried in the following order:
    1. The ordered elements of the rpath_pre array, which is defined in onyxdict.
    2. If defined, the ordered elements of the ONYX_RPATH environment variable, which is a colon-separated list.
    3. The ordered elements of the rpath_post array, which is defined in onyxdict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `modgtk/modgtk_defs.nx' require
        onyx:0>

path rmdir -:
  Input(s):
    path:
      A string object that represents a directory path.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Remove an empty directory.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' 8@755 mkdir
        onyx:0> `/tmp/tdir' rmdir
        onyx:0>

region count amount roll rolled:
  Input(s):
    region:
      0 or more objects to be rolled.
    count:
      Number of objects in region.
    amount:
      Amount by which to roll. If positive, roll upward. If negative, roll downward.
  Output(s):
    rolled:
      Rolled version of region.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Roll the top count objects on ostack (not counting count and amount) by amount positions. A positive amount indicates an upward roll, whereas a negative amount indicates a downward roll.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 2 1 0
        onyx:4> pstack
        0
        1
        2
        3
        onyx:4> 3 1 roll
        onyx:4> pstack
        1
        2
        0
        3
        onyx:4> 3 -2 roll
        onyx:4> pstack
        2
        0
        1
        3
        onyx:4> 4 0 roll
        onyx:4> pstack
        2
        0
        1
        3
        onyx:4>

a round r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Integer round of a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Round a to the nearest integer and return the result.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> -1.51 round 1 sprint
        -2
        onyx:0> -1.49 round 1 sprint
        -1
        onyx:0> 0 round 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0> 1.49 round 1 sprint
        1
        onyx:0> 1.51 round 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0>

...amount rot ...:
  Input(s):
    ...:
      One or more objects.
    amount:
      Number of positions to rotate the stack upward. A negative value causes downward rotation.
  Output(s):
    ...:
      One or more objects.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate the stack contents up amount positions.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1 2 3 4 5 2 rot pstack clear
        3
        2
        1
        5
        4
        onyx:0> 1 2 3 4 5 -2 rot pstack clear
        2
        1
        5
        4
        3
        onyx:0>

stack sadn -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate the contents of stack down one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2 3 4) dup sadn 1 sprint
        (2 3 4 1)
        onyx:0>

stack saup -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate the contents of stack up one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2 3 4) dup saup 1 sprint
        (4 1 2 3)
        onyx:0>

stack sbdup -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Duplicate the bottom object on stack and push it onto stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (2 1 0) dup sbdup pstack
        (2 1 0 2)
        onyx:1>

stack sbpop obj:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Pop obj off the bottom of stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2 3) dup sbpop pstack
        1
        (2 3)
        onyx:2>

stack obj sbpush -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Push obj onto the bottom of stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (0) dup 1 sbpush
        onyx:1> pstack
        (1 0)
        onyx:1>

stack sclear -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Remove all objects on stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2 3 4) dup sclear pstack
        ()
        onyx:1>

stack scleartomark -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unmatchedmark.
  Description:
    Remove objects from stack down to and including the topmost mark.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (3 mark 1 0) dup scleartomark pstack
        (3)
        onyx:1>

stack scount count:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    count:
      The number of objects on stack.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the number of objects on stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2) scount 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0>

stack scounttomark count:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    count:
      The depth of the topmost mark on stack.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unmatchedmark.
  Description:
    Get the depth of the topmost mark on stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (3 mark 1 0) scounttomark 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0>

stack sdn -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate the top three objects on stack down one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (3 2 1 0) dup sdn pstack
        (3 1 0 2)
        onyx:1>

stack sdup -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Duplicate the top object on stack and push it onto stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1) dup sdup 1 sprint
        (1 1)
        onyx:0>

file offset seek -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    offset:
      Offset in bytes from the beginning of file to move the file position pointer to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Move the file position pointer for file to offset.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w+' open
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write
        onyx:1> dup 0 seek
        onyx:1> readline pstack
        false
        `Hello'
        onyx:2>

- self thread:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    thread:
      A thread object that corresponds to the running thread.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get a thread object for the running thread.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> self 1 sprint
        -thread-
        onyx:0>

sock mesg flags send nsend:
sock mesg send nsend:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
    mesg:
      A message string.
    flags:
      An array of flag names. The following flags are supported:
      $MSG_OOB
      $MSG_PEEK
      $MSG_WAITALL
  Output(s):
    nsend:
      Number of bytes of mesg actually sent.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    neterror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Send a message.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_DGRAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `localhost' 7777 connect
        onyx:1> dup `hello' send
        onyx:2> 1 sprint
        5
        onyx:1>

service serviceport port:
  Input(s):
    service:
      A string that represents a network service name.
  Output(s):
    port:
      The port number corresponding to service, or 0 if the service is unknown.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `ftp' serviceport 1 sprint
        21
        onyx:0>

class name/null setclassname -:
  Input(s):
    class:
      A class object.
    name/null:
      A name or null object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set class's name.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> class dup $foo setclassname
        onyx:1> classname 1 sprint
        $foo
        onyx:0>

class/instance dict/null setdata -:
  Input(s):
    class/instance:
      A class or instance object.
    dict/null:
      A dict or null object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the data associated with class or instance.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> class dup <$foo `foo'> setdata
        onyx:1> data 1 sprint
        <$foo `foo'>
        onyx:0>

gid setegid boolean:
  Input(s):
    gid:
      A group ID.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      If false, success, otherwise failure.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the process's effective group ID to gid.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1001 setegid 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 0 setegid 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

key val setenv -:
  Input(s):
    key:
      A name object.
    val:
      A value to associate with key.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set an environment variable named key and associate val with it. If val is not a string, it is converted to a string using the cvs operator before the environment variable is set. A corresponding entry is also created in the envdict dictionary.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $foo `foo' setenv
        onyx:0> envdict $foo known 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> envdict $foo get 1 sprint
        `foo'
        onyx:0> $foo unsetenv
        onyx:0> envdict $foo known 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

uid seteuid boolean:
  Input(s):
    uid:
      A user ID.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      If false, success, otherwise failure.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the process's effective user ID to uid.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1001 seteuid 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 0 seteuid 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

gid setgid boolean:
  Input(s):
    gid:
      A group ID.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      If false, success, otherwise failure.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the process's group ID to gid.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1001 setgid 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 0 setgid 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

count setgmaxestack -:
  Input(s):
    count:
      Default maximum allowable estack depth.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the default maximum allowable estack depth to count. This value is used when creating new threads.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 128 setgmaxestack
        onyx:0>

file setgstderr -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file to set the global stderr to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the global stderr to file. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/stderr' `w' open dup 0 setiobuf setgstderr
        onyx:0> () {stderr `Some text\n' write} thread join
        onyx:0> `/tmp/stderr' `r' open readline pop 1 sprint
        `Some text'
        onyx:0>

file setgstdin -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file to set the global stdin to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the global stdin to file. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):
    Under normal interactive operation, stdin is pushed onto estack during interpreter initialization and evaluated until EOF is reached. Therefore, changing stdin has no effect on the file descriptor already on estack. The following example recursively evaluates stdin after redefining it.

        lawine:~> cat /tmp/stdin
        1 2 3 pstack
        lawine:~> onyx
        onyx:0> `/tmp/stdin' `r' open cvx setgstdin
        onyx:0> () {stdin eval} thread join
        3
        2
        1
        onyx:0>

file setgstdout -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file to set the global stdout to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the global stdout to file. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):
    In the following example, the prompt continues to be printed, even though stdout has been redefined, because the prompt module was initialized to print to file descriptor 1. This demonstrates the only known exception in the stock Onyx interpreter where redefining stdout will not redirect output.

        onyx:0> `/tmp/stdout' `w' open dup 0 setiobuf setgstdout
        onyx:0> () {`Some text\n' print} thread join
        onyx:0> `/tmp/stdout' `r' open readline pop 1 sprint
        `Some text'
        onyx:0>

boolean setgtailopt -:
  Input(s):
    boolean:
      If true, enable tail call optimization by default for new threads. Otherwise, do not enable tail call optimization by default for new threads.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set whether to enable tail call optimization for new threads.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> false setgtailopt
        onyx:0>

file count setiobuf -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    count:
      The size in bytes to set the I/O buffer associated with file to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the size of the I/O buffer associated with file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> stdout iobuf 1 sprint
        512
        onyx:0> stdout 0 setiobuf
        onyx:0> stdout iobuf 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0>

instance class/null setisa -:
  Input(s):
    instance:
      An instance object.
    class/null:
      A class or null object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the class associated with instance.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> instance dup vclass setisa
        onyx:1> isa classname 1 sprint
        $vclass
        onyx:0>

boolean setlocking -:
  Input(s):
    boolean:
      A boolean to set the implicit locking mode to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the current implicit locking mode. See Section 2.7.1 for implicit synchronization details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> currentlocking 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> true setlocking
        onyx:0> currentlocking 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

count setmaxestack -:
  Input(s):
    count:
      Maximum allowable estack depth.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the maximum allowable estack depth to count.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 128 setmaxestack
        onyx:0>

class dict/null setmethods -:
  Input(s):
    class:
      A class object.
    dict/null:
      A dict or null object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the methods associated with class.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> class dup <$foo `foo'> setmethods
        onyx:1> methods 1 sprint
        <$foo `foo'>
        onyx:0>

file boolean setnonblocking -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    boolean:
      Non-blocking mode to set file to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set non-blocking mode for file to boolean.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w' open
        onyx:1> dup nonblocking 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:1> dup true setnonblocking
        onyx:1> dup nonblocking 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:1>

pid pgid setpgid -:
  Input(s):
    pid:
      Process ID, or 0 (same as specifying the calling process's ID).
    pgid:
      Process group ID.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidaccess.
    limitcheck.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> pid pid setpgid
        onyx:0>

- setsid sid:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    sid:
      Session ID.
  Error(s):
    invalidaccess.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a new session.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> setsid
        Error $invalidaccess
        ostack: ()
        dstack: (-dict- -dict- -dict- -dict-)
        cstack: ()
        estack/istack trace (0..2):
        0:      --setsid--
        1:      -file-
        2:      --start--
        onyx:1>

sock level optname optval setsockopt -:
sock optname optval setsockopt -:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
    level:
      Level at which to set the socket option. If not specified, $SOL_SOCKET is used.
    optname:
      Name of option to set the value of. The following option names are supported:
      $SO_DEBUG
      $SO_REUSEADDR
      $SO_REUSEPORT
      $SO_KEEPALIVE
      $SO_DONTROUTE
      $SO_BROADCAST
      $SO_OOBINLINE
      $SO_SNDBUF
      $SO_RCVBUF
      $SO_SNDLOWAT
      $SO_RCVLOWAT
      $SO_TYPE
      $SO_ERROR:
        optval is an integer.
      $SO_LINGER:
        optval is a dictionary, and the following entries are defined:
        $on:
          Boolean.
        $time:
          Linger time in seconds.
      $SO_SNDTIMEO
      $SO_RCVTIMEO:
        optval is an integer, in nanoseconds.
    optval:
      Value to associate with optname.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Set a socket option.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup $SO_OOBINLINE sockopt 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:1> dup $SO_OOBINLINE 1 setsockopt
        onyx:1> dup $SO_OOBINLINE sockopt 1 sprint
        1
        onyx:1>

file setstderr -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file to set the calling thread's stderr to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the thread's stderr to file. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/stderr' `w' open dup 0 setiobuf setstderr
        onyx:0> stderr `Some text\n' write
        onyx:0> `/tmp/stderr' `r' open readline pop 1 sprint
        `Some text'
        onyx:0>

file setstdin -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file to set the calling thread's stdin to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the thread's stdin to file. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):
    Under normal interactive operation, stdin is pushed onto estack during interpreter initialization and evaluated until EOF is reached. Therefore, changing stdin has no effect on the file descriptor already on estack. The following example recursively evaluates stdin after redefining it.

        lawine:~> cat /tmp/stdin
        1 2 3 pstack
        lawine:~> onyx
        onyx:0> `/tmp/stdin' `r' open cvx setstdin
        onyx:0> stdin eval
        3
        2
        1
        onyx:3>

file setstdout -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file to set the calling thread's stdout to.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the thread's stdout to file. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):
    In the following example, the prompt continues to be printed, even though stdout has been redefined, because the prompt module was initialized to print to file descriptor 1. This demonstrates the only known exception in the stock Onyx interpreter where redefining stdout will not redirect output.

        onyx:0> `/tmp/stdout' `w' open dup 0 setiobuf setstdout
        onyx:0> `Some text\n' print
        onyx:0> gstdout setstdout
        onyx:0> `/tmp/stdout' `r' open readline pop 1 sprint
        `Some text'
        onyx:0>

class super/null setsuper -:
  Input(s):
    class:
      A class object.
    super/null:
      A class or null object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set class's superclass.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> class dup vclass setsuper
        onyx:1> super classname 1 sprint
        $vclass
        onyx:0>

boolean settailopt -:
  Input(s):
    boolean:
      If true, enable tail call optimization for this thread. Otherwise, disable tail call optimization for this thread.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $bar {estack 2 sprint} def
        onyx:0> $foo {bar} def
        onyx:0> foo
        (--start-- -file- {estack 2 sprint} --estack--)
        onyx:0> false settailopt
        onyx:0> foo
        (--start-- -file- {bar} {estack 2 sprint} --estack--)
        onyx:0>

uid setuid boolean:
  Input(s):
    uid:
      A user ID.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      If false, success, otherwise failure.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the process's user ID to uid.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 1001 setuid 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 0 setuid 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

stack sexch -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Exchange the top two objects on stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2 3) dup sexch pstack
        (1 3 2)
        onyx:1>

- shift -:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer.
    shift:
      An integer that represents a bitwise shift amount. Negative means right shift, and positive means left shift.
  Output(s):
    r:
      a shifted by shift bits.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Shift an integer bitwise.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 4 1 shift 1 sprint
        8
        onyx:0> 4 -1 shift 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0>

stack index sibdup -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    index:
      Offset from bottom of stack, counting from 0, of the object to duplicate.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the object on stack that is at offset index from the bottom of stack and push it onto stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (3 2 1 0) dup 2 sibdup pstack
        (3 2 1 0 1)
        onyx:1>

stack index sibpop obj:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    index:
      Offset from bottom of stack, counting from 0, of the object to remove from stack.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      An object removed from stack.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Remove the obj from stack that is at offset index from the bottom of stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (0 1 2 3) dup 2 sibpop pstack
        2
        (0 1 3)
        onyx:2>

stack index sidup -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    index:
      Depth (count starts at 0) of the object to duplicate in stack.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the object on stack at depth index and push it onto stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (3 2 1 0) dup 2 sidup
        onyx:1> 1 sprint
        (3 2 1 0 2)
        onyx:0>

$SIG_GETMASK oset sigmask oset:
how set sigmask -:
how set oset sigmask oset:
  Input(s):
    how:
      A name object:
      $SIG_BLOCK:
        Mask the union of the old mask set and the signals in set whose values are set to true.
      $SIG_UNBLOCK:
        Unmask the signals in set whose values are set to true.
      $SIG_GETMASK:
        Get the current signal mask.
      $SIG_SETMASK:
        Set the signal mask to the signals in set whose values are set to true.
    set:
      A dictionary of signal name and/or integers keys, with associated true/false values. A value of true indicates set membership. The recognized names are:
      - $SIGABRT
      - $SIGALRM
      - $SIGBUS
      - $SIGCHLD
      - $SIGCONT
      - $SIGFPE
      - $SIGHUP
      - $SIGILL
      - $SIGINT
      - $SIGKILL
      - $SIGPIPE
      - $SIGQUIT
      - $SIGSEGV
      - $SIGSTOP
      - $SIGTERM
      - $SIGTSTP
      - $SIGTTIN
      - $SIGTTOU
      - $SIGUSR1
      - $SIGUSR2
      - $SIGPOLL (may not be present)
      - $SIGPROF
      - $SIGSYS
      - $SIGTRAP
      - $SIGURG
      - $SIGVTALRM (may not be present)
      - $SIGXCPU
      - $SIGXFSZ
    oset:
      A dictionary of signal name keys, with associated true/false values. This dictionary contains the signal mask as it was prior to execution of this operator.
  Output(s):
    oset:
      The same dictionary as was passed in as oset.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get or set the calling thread's current signal mask.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $SIG_GETMASK <> sigmask 1 sprint
        <$SIGHUP true $SIGINT true $SIGQUIT true $SIGTERM true>
        onyx:0> $SIG_BLOCK <$SIGPIPE true> <> sigmask 1 sprint
        <$SIGHUP true $SIGINT true $SIGQUIT true $SIGTERM true>
        onyx:0> $SIG_GETMASK <> sigmask 1 sprint
        <$SIGHUP true $SIGINT true $SIGPIPE true $SIGQUIT true $SIGTERM true>
        onyx:0> $SIG_UNBLOCK <$SIGPIPE true> <> sigmask 1 sprint
        <$SIGHUP true $SIGINT true $SIGPIPE true $SIGQUIT true $SIGTERM true>
        onyx:0> $SIG_GETMASK <> sigmask 1 sprint
        <$SIGHUP true $SIGINT true $SIGQUIT true $SIGTERM true>
        onyx:0>

condition signal -:
  Input(s):
    condition:
      A condition object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Signal a thread that is waiting on condition. If there are no waiters, this operator has no effect.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> condition mutex dup lock ostack
        onyx:3> {dup lock exch signal unlock}
        onyx:4> thread 3 1 roll
        onyx:3> dup 3 1 roll
        onyx:4> wait unlock join
        onyx:0>

set sigpending set:
  Input(s):
    set:
      A dictionary.
  Output(s):
    set:
      The same dictionary as the input set. A dictionary of signal name keys, with associated true values. A value of true indicates set membership. The supported names are:
      - $SIGABRT
      - $SIGALRM
      - $SIGBUS
      - $SIGCHLD
      - $SIGCONT
      - $SIGFPE
      - $SIGHUP
      - $SIGILL
      - $SIGINT
      - $SIGKILL
      - $SIGPIPE
      - $SIGQUIT
      - $SIGSEGV
      - $SIGSTOP
      - $SIGTERM
      - $SIGTSTP
      - $SIGTTIN
      - $SIGTTOU
      - $SIGUSR1
      - $SIGUSR2
      - $SIGPOLL (may not be present)
      - $SIGPROF
      - $SIGSYS
      - $SIGTRAP
      - $SIGURG
      - $SIGVTALRM (may not be present)
      - $SIGXCPU
      - $SIGXFSZ
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get pending signals.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> <> sigpending 1 sprint
        <>
        onyx:0>

set sigsuspend -:
  Input(s):
    set:
      A dictionary of signal name and/or integers keys, with associated true/false values. A value of true indicates set membership. The recognized names are:
      - $SIGABRT
      - $SIGALRM
      - $SIGBUS
      - $SIGCHLD
      - $SIGCONT
      - $SIGFPE
      - $SIGHUP
      - $SIGILL
      - $SIGINT
      - $SIGKILL
      - $SIGPIPE
      - $SIGQUIT
      - $SIGSEGV
      - $SIGSTOP
      - $SIGTERM
      - $SIGTSTP
      - $SIGTTIN
      - $SIGTTOU
      - $SIGUSR1
      - $SIGUSR2
      - $SIGPOLL (may not be present)
      - $SIGPROF
      - $SIGSYS
      - $SIGTRAP
      - $SIGURG
      - $SIGVTALRM (may not be present)
      - $SIGXCPU
      - $SIGXFSZ
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Suspend the calling thread until one of the signals in set is caught.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> <> sigsuspend
        onyx:0>

set sigwait sig:
  Input(s):
    set:
      A dictionary of signal name and/or integers keys, with associated true/false values. A value of true indicates set membership. The recognized names are:
      - $SIGABRT
      - $SIGALRM
      - $SIGBUS
      - $SIGCHLD
      - $SIGCONT
      - $SIGFPE
      - $SIGHUP
      - $SIGILL
      - $SIGINT
      - $SIGKILL
      - $SIGPIPE
      - $SIGQUIT
      - $SIGSEGV
      - $SIGSTOP
      - $SIGTERM
      - $SIGTSTP
      - $SIGTTIN
      - $SIGTTOU
      - $SIGUSR1
      - $SIGUSR2
      - $SIGPOLL (may not be present)
      - $SIGPROF
      - $SIGSYS
      - $SIGTRAP
      - $SIGURG
      - $SIGVTALRM (may not be present)
      - $SIGXCPU
      - $SIGXFSZ
  Output(s):
    sig:
      One of the signal names that was specified in set.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Wait for one of the signals in set, and return the name of the signal that was caught.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $SIG_BLOCK <$SIGXCPU true> sigmask
        onyx:0> <$SIGXCPU true> sigwait
        onyx:1> 1 sprint
        $SIGXCPU
        onyx:0>

a sin r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Sine of a in radians.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the sine of a in radians.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 sin 1 sprint
        0.000000e+00
        onyx:0> 1.570796 sin 1 sprint
        1.000000e+00
        onyx:0> 0.7853982 sin 1 sprint
        7.071068e-01
        onyx:0>

a sinh r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Hyperbolic sine of a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the hyperbolic sine of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 sinh 1 sprint
        1.001787e+01
        onyx:0>

stack index sipop obj:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    index:
      Offset from top of stack, counting from 0, of the object to remove from stack.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      An object removed from stack.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Remove the obj at index from stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (3 2 1 0) dup 2 sipop pstack
        2
        (3 1 0)
        onyx:2>

stack count snbpop array:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    count:
      Number of objects to pop off the bottom of stack.
  Output(s):
    array:
      An array of objects popped off the bottom of stack, with the same object ordering as when on stack.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Pop count objects off the bottom of stack and put them into an array.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2 3 4) dup 2 snbpop pstack
        [1 2]
        (3 4)
        onyx:2>

stack count sndn -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    count:
      Number of objects on stack to rotate down one position.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate count objects on stack down one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (5 4 3 2 1 0) dup 4 sndn pstack
        (5 4 2 1 0 3)
        onyx:1>

stack count sndup -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    count:
      Number of objects on stack to duplicate.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create duplicates of the top count objects on stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (3 2 1 0) dup 2 sndup pstack
        (3 2 1 0 1 0)
        onyx:1>

stack snip obj:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The object that was the second to top object on stack.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Remove the second to top object from stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (2 1 0) dup snip pstack
        1
        (2 0)
        onyx:2>

stack count snpop array:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    count:
      Number of objects to pop off of stack.
  Output(s):
    array:
      An array of objects popped off of stack, with the same object ordering as when on stack.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Pop count objects off of stack and put them into an array.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2 3 4) dup 2 snpop pstack
        [3 4]
        (1 2)
        onyx:2>

stack count snup -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    count:
      Number of objects on stack to rotate up one position.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate count objects on stack up one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (5 4 3 2 1 0) dup 4 snup pstack
        (5 4 0 3 2 1)
        onyx:1>

family type proto socket sock:
family type socket sock:
  Input(s):
    family:
      The name of a socket address family, either $AF_INET or $AF_LOCAL.
    type:
      The name of a socket type, either $SOCK_STREAM or $SOCK_DGRAM.
    proto:
      The name of a socket protocol. This argument is not useful, given the current limited choice of address families.
  Output(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    invalidaccess.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Create a socket.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> $AF_LOCAL $SOCK_DGRAM socket
        onyx:2>

family type proto socketpair sock sock:
family type socketpair sock sock:
  Input(s):
    family:
      The name of a socket address family, either $AF_INET or $AF_LOCAL.
    type:
      The name of a socket type, either $SOCK_STREAM or $SOCK_DGRAM.
    proto:
      The name of a socket protocol. This argument is not useful, given the current limited choice of address families.
  Output(s):
    sock:
      A connected socket. There are no functional differences between the two sockets that are returned.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    invalidaccess.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Create a pair of sockets that are connected to each other.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_LOCAL $SOCK_STREAM socketpair
        onyx:2> pstack
        -file-
        -file-
        onyx:2>

sock sockname dict:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary of information about sock. Depending on the socket family, the following entries may exist:
      family:
        Socket family.
      address:
        IPv4 address.
      port:
        IPv4 port.
      path:
        Unix-domain socket path.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    ioerror.
    neterror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Get information about sock.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `localhost' bindsocket
        onyx:1> dup sockname 1 sprint
        <$family $AF_INET $address 2130706433 $port 33745>
        onyx:1> close
        onyx:0> $AF_LOCAL $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup `/tmp/socket' bindsocket
        onyx:1> dup sockname 1 sprint
        <$family $AF_LOCAL $path `/tmp/socket'>
        onyx:1>

sock level optname sockopt optval:
sock optname sockopt optval:
  Input(s):
    sock:
      A socket.
    level:
      Level at which to get the socket option. If not specified, $SOL_SOCKET is used.
    optname:
      Name of option to get the value of. The following option names are supported:
      $SO_DEBUG
      $SO_REUSEADDR
      $SO_REUSEPORT
      $SO_KEEPALIVE
      $SO_DONTROUTE
      $SO_BROADCAST
      $SO_OOBINLINE
      $SO_SNDBUF
      $SO_RCVBUF
      $SO_SNDLOWAT
      $SO_RCVLOWAT
      $SO_TYPE
      $SO_ERROR:
        optval is an integer.
      $SO_LINGER:
        optval is a dictionary, and the following entries are defined:
        $on:
          Boolean.
        $time:
          Linger time in seconds.
      $SO_SNDTIMEO
      $SO_RCVTIMEO:
        optval is an integer, in nanoseconds.
  Output(s):
    optval:
      Value associated with optname.
  Error(s):
    argcheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Get a socket option.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $AF_INET $SOCK_STREAM socket
        onyx:1> dup $SO_SNDBUF sockopt 1 sprint
        16384
        onyx:1>

stack sover -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the second object on stack and push it onto stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (2 1 0) dup sover pstack
        (2 1 0 1)
        onyx:1>

input pattern flags limit split array:
input pattern flags split array:
input pattern limit split array:
input pattern split array:
input regex limit split array:
input regex split array:
  Input(s):
    input:
      An input string to find matches in.
    pattern:
      A string that specifies a regular expression. See Section 2.9 for syntax.
    flags:
      A dictionary of optional flags:
      $i:
        Case insensitive. Defaults to false.
      $m:
        Treat input as a multi-line string. Defaults to false.
      $s:
        Treat input as a single line, so that the dot metacharacter matches any character, including a newline. Defaults to false.
    regex:
      A regex object.
    limit:
      Split input into no more than limit substrings. 0 is treated as infinity. Defaults to 0.
  Output(s):
    array:
      An array of substrings containing the text between pattern matches.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    regexerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create an array of substrings from input that are separated by portions of input that match a regular expression.

    If there are capturing subpatterns in the regular expression, also create substrings for those capturing subpatterns and insert them into the substring array.

    As a special case, if the regular expression matches the empty string, split a single character. This avoids an infinite loop.

  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a:b:c' `:' split 1 sprint
        [`a' `b' `c']
        onyx:0> `a:b:c' `:' 2 split 1 sprint
        [`a' `b:c']
        onyx:0> `a:b:c' `(:)' split 1 sprint
        [`a' `:' `b' `:' `c']
        onyx:0> `a:b:c' `' split 1 sprint
        [`a' `:' `b' `:' `c']
        onyx:0>

stack spop obj:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The object that was popped off of stack.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Pop an object off of stack and push it onto ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2) dup spop
        onyx:2> pstack
        2
        (1)
        onyx:2>

obj depth sprint -:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object to print syntactically.
    depth:
      Maximum recursion depth.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Syntactically print obj. See Section 2.11.8 for printing details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [1 [2 3] 4]
        onyx:1> dup 0 sprint
        -array-
        onyx:1> dup 1 sprint
        [1 -array- 4]
        onyx:1> dup 2 sprint
        [1 [2 3] 4]
        onyx:1>

obj depth sprints string:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object to print syntactically.
    depth:
      Maximum recursion depth.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A syntactical string representation of obj. See Section 2.11.8 for printing details.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a syntactical string representation of obj.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [1 [2 3] 4]
        onyx:1> dup 0 sprints print `\n' print flush
        -array-
        onyx:1> dup 1 sprints print `\n' print flush
        [1 -array- 4]
        onyx:1> dup 2 sprints print `\n' print flush
        [1 [2 3] 4]
        onyx:1>

- sprintsdict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get sprintsdict. See Section 2.11.8 for details on sprintsdict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> sprintsdict 0 sprint
        -dict-
        onyx:0>

stack obj spush -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Push obj onto stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (0) dup 1 spush
        onyx:1> pstack
        (0 1)
        onyx:1>

a sqrt r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      A non-negative integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Square root of a.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the square root of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 4 sqrt 1 sprint
        2.000000e+00
        onyx:0> 2.0 sqrt 1 sprint
        1.414214e+00
        onyx:0>

seed srand -:
  Input(s):
    seed:
      A non-negative integer.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Seed the pseudo-random number generator with seed.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 5 srand
        onyx:0>

stack count amount sroll -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
    count:
      Number of objects to roll in stack.
    amount:
      Amount by which to roll. If positive, roll upward. If negative, roll downward.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Roll the top count objects on stack by amount positions. A positive amount indicates an upward roll, whereas a negative amount indicates a downward roll.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (3 2 1 0)
        onyx:1> dup 3 1 sroll pstack
        (3 0 2 1)
        onyx:1> dup 3 -2 sroll pstack
        (3 1 0 2)
        onyx:1> dup 4 0 sroll pstack
        (3 1 0 2)
        onyx:1>

stack amount srot -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      One or more objects.
    amount:
      Number of positions to rotate stack upward. A negative value causes downward rotation.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate stack up count positions.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2 3 4 5) dup 2 srot 1 sprint
        (4 5 1 2 3)
        onyx:0> (1 2 3 4 5) dup -2 srot 1 sprint
        (3 4 5 1 2)
        onyx:0>

- stack stack:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      An empty stack object.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Create a new stack object and push it onto ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> stack
        onyx:1> pstack
        ()

obj start -:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Evaluate obj. This operator provides a context that silently terminates execution stack unwinding due to the exit , quit , and stop operators.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> stdin cvx start
        onyx:0> quit
        onyx:0>

file/filename status dict:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    filename:
      A string that represents a filename.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary that contains the following entries:
      dev:
        Inode's device.
      ino:
        Inode's number.
      mode:
        Inode permissions.
      nlink:
        Number of hard links.
      uid:
        User ID of the file owner.
      gid:
        Group ID of the file owner.
      rdev:
        Device type.
      size:
        File size in bytes.
      atime:
        Time of last access, in nanoseconds since the epoch.
      mtime:
        Time of last modification, in nanoseconds since the epoch.
      ctime:
        Time of last file status change, in nanoseconds since the epoch.
      blksize:
        Optimal block size for I/O.
      blocks:
        Number of blocks allocated.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Get status information about a file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp' status 1 sprint
        <$dev 134405 $ino 2 $mode 17407 $nlink 5 $uid 0 $gid 0 $rdev 952 $size 3584
        $atime 994883041000000000 $mtime 994883041000000000 $ctime 994883041000000000
        $blksize 0 $blocks 8>
        onyx:0>

- stderr file:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    file:
      A file object corresponding to the calling thread's stderr.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the thread's stderr. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> stderr pstack
        -file-
        onyx:1>

- stdin file:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    file:
      A file object corresponding to the calling thread's stdin.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the thread's stdin. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> stdin pstack
        -file-
        onyx:1>

- stdout file:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    file:
      A file object corresponding to the calling thread's stdout.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the thread's stdout. See Section 2.4 for standard I/O details.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> stdout pstack
        -file-
        onyx:1>

- stop -:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Unwind the execution stack to the innermost stopped or start context.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {stop} stopped 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

obj stopped boolean:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object to evaluate.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if stop operator was executed, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    invalidcontinue.
    invalidexit.
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Evaluate obj. This operator provides a context that terminates execution stack unwinding due to the stop operator. It will also terminate execution stack unwinding due to the continue and exit operators, but will throw an invalidcontinue or invalidexit error, respectively, then do the equivalent of calling quit .
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {stop} stopped 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> {} stopped 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

length string string:
  Input(s):
    length:
      Non-negative number of bytes.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string of length bytes.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a string of length bytes. The bytes are initialized to 0.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 string 1 sprint
        `\x00\x00\x00'
        onyx:0>
        onyx:0> 0 string 1 sprint
        `'
        onyx:0>

stack stuck -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Tuck duplicate of top object on stack under second object on stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (2 1 0) dup stuck pstack
        (2 0 1 0)
        onyx:1>

a b sub r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
    b:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      The value of b subtracted from a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Subtract b from a and return the result.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 5 3 sub 1 sprint
        2
        onyx:0> -3 4 sub 1 sprint
        -7
        onyx:0> 5.1 1.1 sub 1 sprint
        4.000000e+00
        onyx:0> 5 1.0 sub 1 sprint
        4.000000e+00
        onyx:0> -3.0 4.1 sub 1 sprint
        -7.100000e+00
        onyx:0>

integer submatch substring:
  Input(s):
    integer:
      0:
        Get substring of text that matched the regular expression.
      >0:
        Get substring of text that matched the specified capturing subpattern.
  Output(s):
    substring:
      A substring of the string that was most recently matched by the match , split , or subst operators.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get a substring of the input string that was most recently matched against.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `input' `n(p)u' match {0 submatch 1 sprint 1 submatch 1 sprint} if
        `npu'
        `p'
        onyx:0>

input pattern template flags subst output count:
input pattern template subst output count:
input regsub subst output count:
  Input(s):
    input:
      An input string.
    pattern:
      A string that specifies a regular expression. See Section 2.9 for syntax.
    template:
      A string that specifies a substitution template. See Section 2.9 for syntax.
    flags:
      A dictionary of optional flags:
      $g:
        Substitute all matches, if true, rather than just the first match. Defaults to false.
      $i:
        Case insensitive. Defaults to false.
      $m:
        Treat input as a multi-line string. Defaults to false.
      $s:
        Treat input as a single line, so that the dot metacharacter matches any character, including a newline. Defaults to false.
    regsub:
      A regsub object.
  Output(s):
    output:
      A string that is created by substituting substrings within input that match a regular expression.
    count:
      Number of substitutions made. If 0 substitutions were made, then output is a duplicate of input, rather than a copy.
  Error(s):
    regexerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a string by substituting according to a template for each substring within input that matches a regular expression.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `Input String' `([a-r])' `[\1]' <$g true> subst pstack
        6
        `I[n][p]ut St[r][i][n][g]'
        onyx:2>

stack sunder -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the second object on stack and put it under the top object on stack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (2 1 0) dup sunder pstack
        (2 1 1 0)
        onyx:1>

stack sup -:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Rotate the top three objects on stack up one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (3 2 1 0) dup sup pstack
        (3 0 2 1)
        onyx:1>

class super super/null:
  Input(s):
    class:
      A class object.
  Output(s):
    super/null:
      A class or null object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the superclass of class.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> class super 1 sprint
        null
        onyx:0> class dup vclass setsuper
        onyx:1> super classname 1 sprint
        $vclass
        onyx:0>

filename linkname symlink -:
  Input(s):
    filename:
      A string that represents a filename.
    linkname:
      A string that represents a filename.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefinedfilename.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Create a symbolic link from linkname to filename.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w' open
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write
        onyx:1> dup flushfile
        onyx:1> close
        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `/tmp/bar' symlink
        onyx:0> `/tmp/bar' `r' open
        onyx:1> readline
        onyx:2> pstack
        false
        `Hello'
        onyx:2>

- tailopt boolean:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if tail call optimization is enabled for this thread; false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get whether tail call optimization is enabled for this thread.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> tailopt 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

args system status:
  Input(s):
    args:
      An array of strings. The first string in args is the path of the program to invoke, and any additional array elements are passed as command line arguments to the invoked program.
  Output(s):
    status:
      Exit code of terminated process. A negative value indicates that the process was terminated by a signal (use the neg operator to get the signal number), and a non-negative value is the exit code of a program that terminated normally.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Execute a program as a child process and wait for it to terminate.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [`/usr/bin/which' `onyx'] system
        /usr/local/bin/onyx
        onyx:1> 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0>

- systemdict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get systemdict. See Section 2.11.9 for details on systemdict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> systemdict 0 sprint
        -dict-
        onyx:0>

a sinh r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Tangent of a in radians.
  Error(s):
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the tangent of a in radians.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0.785 tan 1 sprint
        9.992040e-01
        onyx:0>

a tanh r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Hyperbolic tangent of a.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the hyperbolic tangent of a.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 3 tanh 1 sprint
        9.950548e-01
        onyx:0>

file tell offset:
  Input(s):
    fil:
      A file object.
  Output(s):
    offset:
      Offset of the file position pointer for file.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get the file position pointer offset for file.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w+' open
        onyx:1> dup tell 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write
        onyx:1> dup tell 1 sprint
        6
        onyx:1>

file/filename flag test boolean:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    filename:
      A string that represents a filename.
    flag:
      A single-character string that represents the test to do on file or filename:
      `b':
        Block special device?
      `c':
        Character special device?
      `d':
        Directory?
      `e':
        Exists?
      `f':
        Regular file?
      `g':
        Setgid?
      `k':
        Sticky?
      `p':
        Named pipe?
      `r':
        Readable?
      `s':
        Size greater than 0?
      `t':
        tty?
      `u':
        Setuid?
      `w':
        Write bit set?
      `x':
        Executable bit set?
      `L':
        Symbolic link?
      `O':
        Owner matches effective uid?
      `G':
        Group matches effective gid?
      `S':
        Socket?
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      If true, the test evaluated to true; false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Test a file for an attribute.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/blah' `e' test 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> `/tmp' `e' test 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

- this class/instance:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    class:
      A class object.
    instance:
      An instance object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Get the topmost object on cstack, which provides the context for execution of invokable and fetchable objects.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $fooclass vclass <> <$foomethod {this:classname 1 sprint}> cdef
        onyx:0> fooclass:foomethod
        $fooclass
        onyx:0>

stack entry thread thread:
  Input(s):
    stack:
      A stack that contains the contents for the new thread's ostack.
    entry:
      An initial object to execute in the new thread.
  Output(s):
    thread:
      A thread object that corresponds to the new thread.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create and run a new thread.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> (1 2) {add 1 sprint} thread join `Done\n' print flush
        3
        Done
        onyx:0>

thread threadcstack stack:
  Input(s):
    thread:
      A thread object.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      The context stack belonging to thread.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get a reference to the context stack belonging to thread.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> self threacdstack 1 sprint
        ()
        onyx:0>

thread threaddstack stack:
  Input(s):
    thread:
      A thread object.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      The dictionary stack belonging to thread.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get a reference to the dictionary stack belonging to thread.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> self threaddstack 1 sprint
        (-dict- -dict- -dict- -dict-)
        onyx:0>

thread threadestack stack:
  Input(s):
    thread:
      A thread object.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      The execution stack belonging to thread.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get a reference to the execution stack belonging to thread.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> self threadestack 1 sprint
        (-file- -array- --eval-- --ifelse-- -array- --for-- -array-)
        onyx:0>

thread threadistack stack:
  Input(s):
    thread:
      A thread object.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      The index stack belonging to thread.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get a reference to the index stack belonging to thread.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> self threadistack 1 sprint
        (0 0 0 0 7 0 3)
        onyx:0>

thread threadostack stack:
  Input(s):
    thread:
      A thread object.
  Output(s):
    stack:
      The operand stack belonging to thread.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Get a reference to the operand stack belonging to thread.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> self threadostack 1 sprint
        (-stack- -stack- -stack- -stack-)
        onyx:0>

- threadsdict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary. Each key is a thread reference. By default, each value is null, but this need not be so, and the value can be redefined for debugging purposes.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get a dictionary containing references to all threads.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> threadsdict 1 sprint
        <-thread- null>
        onyx:0>

name throw obj:
  Input(s):
    name:
      The name of an error.
  Output(s):
    obj:
      The object that was being executed when the error was thrown.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefined.
  Description:
    Throw an error, using the following steps:
    1. Set newerror in the currenterror dictionary to true.
    2. Set errorname in the currenterror dictionary to name.
    3. Set ostack, dstack, estack, and istack in the currenterror dictionary to be current stack snapshots.
    4. Push the object that was being executed before throw was called onto ostack.
    5. If there is an error handler in the errordict dictionary that corresponds to name, evaluate it. Otherwise, evaluate errordict's handleerror and stop operators.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $unregistered throw
        Error $unregistered
        ostack: ()
        dstack: (-dict- -dict- -dict- -dict-)
        cstack: ()
        estack/istack trace (0..1):
        0:      -file-
        1:      --start--
        onyx:1> pstack
        -file-
        onyx:1>

condition mutex timeout timedwait boolean:
  Input(s):
    condition:
      A condition object.
    mutex:
      A mutex object that this thread currently owns.
    timeout:
      Minimum number of nanoseconds to wait for condition.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      If false, success, otherwise timeout.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Wait on condition for at least timeout nanoseconds. mutex is atomically released when the current thread blocks, then acquired again before the current thread runs again. Using a mutex that the current thread does not own will result in undefined behavior (likely crash).
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> condition mutex dup lock ostack
        onyx:3> {dup lock exch signal unlock}
        onyx:4> thread 3 1 roll
        onyx:3> dup 3 1 roll
        onyx:4> 1000000000 timedwait 1 sprint unlock join
        false
        onyx:0> mutex condition 1 idup dup lock 1000000000 timedwait 1 sprint unlock
        true
        onyx:0>

file/string token false:
file/string token file/substring obj true:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file that is used as onyx source code to scan a token from.
    string:
      A string that is used as onyx source code to scan a token from.
  Output(s):
    file:
      The same file object that was passed in.
    substring:
      The remainder of string after scanning a token.
    obj:
      An object that was constructed by scanning a token.
    false/true:
      If true, a token was successfully scanned, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    syntaxerror.
    typecheck.
    undefined.
  Description:
    Scan a token from a file or string, using onyx syntax rules. If a token is followed by whitespace, one character of whitespace is consumed when the token is scanned.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `1 2' token pstack clear
        true
        1
        `2'
        onyx:0> `foo' token pstack clear
        true
        foo
        `'
        onyx:0> `foo ' token pstack clear
        true
        foo
        `'
        onyx:0> `foo  ' token pstack clear
        true
        foo
        ` '
        onyx:0> `foo$bar' token pstack clear
        true
        foo
        `$bar'
        onyx:0> `foo{}' token pstack clear
        true
        foo
        `{}'
        onyx:0> ` ' token pstack clear
        false
        onyx:0>

obj trapped false:
obj trapped arg true:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object to evaluate.
  Output(s):
    arg:
      The argument that was passed to the escape operator that caused unwinding to this trapped context.
    false:
      The escape operator was not executed.
    true:
      The escape operator was executed.
  Error(s):
    invalidcontinue.
    invalidexit.
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Evaluate obj. This operator provides a context that snapshots the state of ostack, dstack, and cstack, then restores those snapshotted states if the escape operator causes the execution stack to unwind to the point where trapped was called. It will also terminate execution stack unwinding due to the continue and exit operators, but will throw an invalidcontinue or invalidexit error, respectively, then do the equivalent of calling quit .
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {1 2 3 $arg escape} trapped {1 sprint} if
        $arg
        onyx:0> {1 2 3} trapped {1 sprint}{pstack clear} ifelse
        3
        2
        1
        onyx:0>

a trunc r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or real.
  Output(s):
    r:
      Integer created from a by discarding the fractional portion.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Discard the fractional portion of a to create an integer, and return the result.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> -1.51 trunc 1 sprint
        -1
        onyx:0> -1.49 trunc 1 sprint
        -1
        onyx:0> 0 trunc 1 sprint
        0
        onyx:0> 1.49 trunc 1 sprint
        1
        onyx:0> 1.51 trunc 1 sprint
        1
        onyx:0>

file length truncate -:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    length:
      New length for file.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    rangecheck.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the length of file to length. If this causes the file to grow, the appended bytes will have the value zero.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w+' open
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write
        onyx:1> dup flushfile
        onyx:1> dup 0 seek
        onyx:1> dup 10 string read
        onyx:3> pop 1 sprint
        `Hello\n'
        onyx:1> dup 3 truncate
        onyx:1> dup 0 seek
        onyx:1> dup 10 string read
        onyx:3> pop 1 sprint
        `Hel'
        onyx:1>

- true true:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    true:
      The boolean value true.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Return true.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> true 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

mutex trylock boolean:
  Input(s):
    mutex:
      A mutex object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      If false, mutex was successfully acquired. Otherwise the mutex acquisition failed.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Try to acquire mutex, but return a failure immediately if mutex cannot be acquired, rather than blocking.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> mutex dup
        onyx:2> trylock 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:1> trylock 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0>

a b tuck b a b:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    :
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the top object on ostack and put it under the second object on ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c'
        oonyx:3> tuck pstack
        `c'
        `b'
        `c'
        `a'
        onyx:4>

obj type name:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    name:
      An executable name that corresponds to the type of obj:
      array:
        arraytype.
      boolean:
        booleantype.
      condition:
        conditiontype.
      dict:
        dicttype.
      file:
        filetype.
      fino:
        finotype.
      handle:
        handletype.
      integer:
        integertype.
      mark:
        marktype.
      mutex:
        mutextype.
      name:
        nametype.
      null:
        nulltype.
      operator:
        operatortype.
      pmark:
        pmarktype.
      stack:
        stacktype.
      string:
        stringtype.
      thread:
        threadtype.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Get a name that represent the type of obj.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> true type 1 sprint
        booleantype
        onyx:0>

- uid uid:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    uid:
      Process's user ID.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the process's user ID.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> uid 1 sprint
        1001
        onyx:0>

nmask umask omask:
  Input(s):
    nmask:
      Value to set umask to.
  Output(s):
    omask:
      Old umask.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Set the process's umask to nmask and return the old umask.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 8@777 umask <$b 8 $w 3 $p `0'> output `\n' print flush
        022
        onyx:0>

dict key undef -:
  Input(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
    val:
      A key in dict to undefine.
  Output(s):
    None
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    If key is defined in dict, undefine it.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $foo `foo' def
        onyx:0> currentdict $foo undef
        onyx:0> currentdict $foo undef
        onyx:0>

a b under a a b:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Create a duplicate of the second object on ostack and put it under the top object on ostack.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 1 2 under pstack
        2
        1
        1
        0
        onyx:4>

boolean obj unless -:
  Input(s):
    boolean:
      A boolean.
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Evaluate obj unless boolean is true.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> false {`yes' 1 sprint} unless
        `yes'
        onyx:0> true {`yes' 1 sprint} unless
        onyx:0>

filename unlink -:
  Input(s):
    filename:
      A string that represents a filename.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    invalidfileaccess.
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
    undefinedfilename.
    unregistered.
  Description:
    Unlink filename.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w' open
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write
        onyx:1> dup flushfile
        onyx:1> close
        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' unlink
        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `r' open
        Error $invalidfileaccess
        ostack: (`/tmp/foo' `r')
        dstack: (-dict- -dict- -dict- -dict-)
        cstack: ()
        estack/istack trace (0..2):
        0:      --open--
        1:      -file-
        2:      --start--
        onyx:3>

mutex unlock -:
  Input(s):
    mutex:
      A mutex object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Unlock mutex. Unlocking a mutex that the running thread does not own will result in undefined behavior (likely crash).
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> mutex dup lock unlock
        onyx:0>

key unsetenv -:
  Input(s):
    key:
      A name object.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Unset key in the environment and in the envdict dictionary, if key is defined.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $foo `foo' setenv
        onyx:0> envdict $foo known 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> envdict $foo get 1 sprint
        `foo'
        onyx:0> $foo unsetenv
        onyx:0> envdict $foo known 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

proc cond until -:
  Input(s):
    proc:
      An object to be repeatedly evaluated.
    cond:
      An object that, when evaluated, places a boolean on ostack.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Repeatedly evaluate proc and cond, terminating the first time that cond places false on ostack. This operator supports the continue and exit operators.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 {inc dup 1 sprint}{dup 3 lt} until pop
        1
        2
        3
        onyx:0> 0 {inc dup 1 sprint exit}{dup 3 lt} until pop
        1
        onyx:0>

a b c up c a b:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
    c:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    c:
      An object.
    a:
      An object.
    b:
      An object.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Rotate the top three objects on ostack up one position.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `a' `b' `c' `d' up pstack
        `c'
        `b'
        `d'
        `a'
        onyx:4>

- userdict dict:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A dictionary.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get userdict. See Section 2.11.12 for details on userdict.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> userdict 1 sprint
        <>
        onyx:0>

- vclass class:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      A class.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get vclass. See Section 2.12.1 for details on vclass.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> vclass 1 sprint
        -class-
        onyx:0>

- version string:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    string:
      A string that contains the version name.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Get the version string. The string returned is a reference to the original version string.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> version pstack
        `1.0.0'
        onyx:1>

condition mutex wait -:
  Input(s):
    condition:
      A condition object.
    mutex:
      A mutex object that this thread currently owns.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Wait on condition. mutex is atomically released when the current thread blocks, then acquired again before the current thread runs again. Using a mutex that the current thread does not own will result in undefined behavior (likely crash).
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> condition mutex dup lock ostack
        onyx:3> {dup lock exch signal unlock}
        onyx:4> thread 3 1 roll
        onyx:3> dup 3 1 roll
        onyx:4> wait unlock join
        onyx:0>

pid waitpid status:
  Input(s):
    pid:
      Process identifier.
  Output(s):
    status:
      Exit code of terminated process. A negative value indicates that the process was terminated by a signal (use the neg operator to get the signal number), and a non-negative value is the exit code of a program that terminated normally.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Wait for the process with process ID pid to exit.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> [`/bin/date'] forkexec dup 1 sprint waitpid 1 sprint
        6516
        Sat Jul 13 20:47:54 PDT 2002
        0
        onyx:0>

key where false:
key where dict true:
  Input(s):
    key:
      A key to search for in dstack.
  Output(s):
    dict:
      The topmost dictionary in dstack that contains a definition for key.
    false/true:
      If false, no definition of key was found in dstack. Otherwise dict is the topmost dictionary in dstack that contains a definition for key.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Get the topmost dictionary in dstack that defines key.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> $foo where pstack clear
        false
        onyx:0> $threaddict where pstack clear
        true
        <$threaddict -dict- $userdict -dict- $currenterror -dict- $errordict -dict-
        $resume -array->
        onyx:0>

cond proc while -:
  Input(s):
    cond:
      An object that, when evaluated, places a boolean on ostack.
    proc:
      An object to be repeatedly evaluated.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Repeatedly evaluate cond and proc, terminating the first time that cond places false on ostack. This operator supports the continue and exit operators.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 {dup 3 lt}{inc dup 1 sprint} while pop
        1
        2
        3
        onyx:0> 0 {dup 3 lt}{inc dup 1 sprint exit} while pop
        1
        onyx:0>

file integer/string write false:
file integer/string write integer/substring true:
  Input(s):
    file:
      A file object.
    integer:
      An integer that represents an ascii character value.
    string:
      A string object.
  Output(s):
    false:
      Successful complete write.
    integer:
      The integer that was passed in.
    substring:
      The substring of string that was not written.
    true:
      Successful partial write.
  Error(s):
    ioerror.
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Write integer or string to file. Partial writes can only happen for non-blocking files.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> `/tmp/foo' `w+' open
        onyx:1> dup `Hello\n' write pop
        onyx:1> dup 0 seek
        onyx:1> dup readline 1 sprint 1 sprint
        false
        `Hello'
        onyx:1>

obj xcheck boolean:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if obj has the executable attribute, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Check obj for executable attribute.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {1 2 3} xcheck 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> [1 2 3] xcheck 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

obj xecheck boolean:
  Input(s):
    obj:
      An object.
  Output(s):
    boolean:
      True if obj has the executable or evaluable attribute, false otherwise.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
  Description:
    Check obj for executable or evaluable attribute.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> {1 2 3} xecheck 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> {1 2 3} cve xecheck 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> [1 2 3] xecheck 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0>

a b xor r:
  Input(s):
    a:
      An integer or boolean.
    b:
      The same type as a.
  Output(s):
    r:
      If a and b are integers, their bitwise exclusive or, otherwise their logical exclusive or.
  Error(s):
    stackunderflow.
    typecheck.
  Description:
    Return the bitwise exclusive or of two integers, or the logical exclusive or of two booleans.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> true false xor 1 sprint
        true
        onyx:0> true true xor 1 sprint
        false
        onyx:0> 5 3 xor 1 sprint
        6
        onyx:0>

- yield -:
  Input(s):
    None.
  Output(s):
    None.
  Error(s):
    None.
  Description:
    Vuluntarily yield the processor, so that another thread or process may be run.
  Example(s):

        onyx:0> 0 100000 {1 add yield} repeat 1 sprint
        100000
        onyx:0>

Next: 2.11.10 threaddict Up: 2.11 Dictionary reference Previous: 2.11.8 sprintsdict Contents Index