## org.springframework.core.annotation
Class AnnotationUtils

    java.lang.Object
      org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils

    public abstract class AnnotationUtils

extends Object

General utility methods for working with annotations, handling bridge methods (which the compiler generates for generic declarations) as well as super methods (for optional "annotation inheritance"). Note that none of this is provided by the JDK's introspection facilities themselves.

As a general rule for runtime-retained annotations (e.g. for transaction control, authorization or service exposure), always use the lookup methods on this class (e.g., `findAnnotation(Method, Class)`, `getAnnotation(Method, Class)`, and `getAnnotations(Method)`) instead of the plain annotation lookup methods in the JDK. You can still explicitly choose between lookup on the given class level only (`getAnnotation(Method, Class)`) and lookup in the entire inheritance hierarchy of the given method (`findAnnotation(Method, Class)`).

Since:
  2.0
Author:
  Rob Harrop, Juergen Hoeller, Sam Brannen, Mark Fisher, Chris Beams
See Also:
  `AccessibleObject.getAnnotations()`, `Method.getAnnotation(Class)`

Constructor Summary
`AnnotationUtils()`

Method Summary

`static

`<A extends Annotation> A`

`

`findAnnotation(Class<?> clazz, Class<A> annotationType)`
Find a single `Annotation` of `annotationType` from the supplied `Class`, traversing its interfaces and superclasses if no annotation can be found on the given class itself.

`static

`<A extends Annotation> A`

`

`findAnnotation(Method method, Class<A> annotationType)`
Get a single `Annotation` of `annotationType` from the supplied `Method`, traversing its super methods if no annotation can be found on the given method itself.

`static Class<?>` `findAnnotationDeclaringClass(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType, Class<?> clazz)` Find the first `Class` in the inheritance hierarchy of the specified `clazz` (including the specified `clazz` itself) which declares an annotation for the specified `annotationType`, or `null` if not found.

`static

`<T extends Annotation> T`

`

`getAnnotation(AnnotatedElement ae, Class<T> annotationType)`
Get a single `Annotation` of `annotationType` from the supplied Method, Constructor or Field.

`static

`<A extends Annotation> A`

`

`getAnnotation(Method method, Class<A> annotationType)`
Get a single `Annotation` of `annotationType` from the supplied `Method`.

`static Map<String,Object>` `getAnnotationAttributes(Annotation annotation)` Retrieve the given annotation's attributes as a Map, preserving all attribute types as-is.
`static Map<String,Object>` `getAnnotationAttributes(Annotation annotation, boolean classValuesAsString)` Retrieve the given annotation's attributes as a Map.
`static AnnotationAttributes` `getAnnotationAttributes(Annotation annotation, boolean classValuesAsString, boolean nestedAnnotationsAsMap)` Retrieve the given annotation's attributes as an `AnnotationAttributes` map structure.
`static Annotation[]` `getAnnotations(Method method)` Get all `Annotations` from the supplied `Method`.
`static Object` `getDefaultValue(Annotation annotation)` Retrieve the default value of the `"value"` attribute of a single-element Annotation, given an annotation instance.
`static Object` `getDefaultValue(Annotation annotation, String attributeName)` Retrieve the default value of a named Annotation attribute, given an annotation instance.
`static Object` `getDefaultValue(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType)` Retrieve the default value of the `"value"` attribute of a single-element Annotation, given the `annotation type`.
`static Object` `getDefaultValue(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType, String attributeName)` Retrieve the default value of a named Annotation attribute, given the `annotation type`.
`static Object` `getValue(Annotation annotation)` Retrieve the value of the `"value"` attribute of a single-element Annotation, given an annotation instance.
`static Object` `getValue(Annotation annotation, String attributeName)` Retrieve the value of a named Annotation attribute, given an annotation instance.
`static boolean` `isAnnotationDeclaredLocally(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType, Class<?> clazz)` Determine whether an annotation for the specified `annotationType` is declared locally on the supplied `clazz`.
`static boolean` `isAnnotationInherited(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType, Class<?> clazz)` Determine whether an annotation for the specified `annotationType` is present on the supplied `clazz` and is `inherited` i.e., not declared locally for the class).

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Constructor Detail

### AnnotationUtils

    public AnnotationUtils()

Method Detail

### getAnnotation

    public static <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(AnnotatedElement ae,
                                                         Class<T> annotationType)

  Get a single `Annotation` of `annotationType` from the supplied Method, Constructor or Field. Meta-annotations will be searched if the annotation is not declared locally on the supplied element.

  Parameters:
    `ae` - the Method, Constructor or Field from which to get the annotation
    `annotationType` - the annotation class to look for, both locally and as a meta-annotation
  Returns:
    the matching annotation or `null` if not found
  Since:
    3.1

### getAnnotations

    public static Annotation[] getAnnotations(Method method)

  Get all `Annotations` from the supplied `Method`.

  Correctly handles bridge `Methods` generated by the compiler.

  Parameters:
    `method` - the method to look for annotations on
  Returns:
    the annotations found
  See Also:
    `BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(Method)`

### getAnnotation

    public static <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Method method,
                                                         Class<A> annotationType)

  Get a single `Annotation` of `annotationType` from the supplied `Method`.

  Correctly handles bridge `Methods` generated by the compiler.

  Parameters:
    `method` - the method to look for annotations on
    `annotationType` - the annotation class to look for
  Returns:
    the annotations found
  See Also:
    `BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(Method)`

### findAnnotation

    public static <A extends Annotation> A findAnnotation(Method method,
                                                          Class<A> annotationType)

  Get a single `Annotation` of `annotationType` from the supplied `Method`, traversing its super methods if no annotation can be found on the given method itself.

  Annotations on methods are not inherited by default, so we need to handle this explicitly.

  Parameters:
    `method` - the method to look for annotations on
    `annotationType` - the annotation class to look for
  Returns:
    the annotation found, or `null` if none found

### findAnnotation

    public static <A extends Annotation> A findAnnotation(Class<?> clazz,
                                                          Class<A> annotationType)

  Find a single `Annotation` of `annotationType` from the supplied `Class`, traversing its interfaces and superclasses if no annotation can be found on the given class itself.

  This method explicitly handles class-level annotations which are not declared as `inherited` as well as annotations on interfaces.

  The algorithm operates as follows: Searches for an annotation on the given class and returns it if found. Else searches all interfaces that the given class declares, returning the annotation from the first matching candidate, if any. Else proceeds with introspection of the superclass of the given class, checking the superclass itself; if no annotation found there, proceeds with the interfaces that the superclass declares. Recursing up through the entire superclass hierarchy if no match is found.

  Parameters:
    `clazz` - the class to look for annotations on
    `annotationType` - the annotation class to look for
  Returns:
    the annotation found, or `null` if none found

### findAnnotationDeclaringClass

    public static Class<?> findAnnotationDeclaringClass(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType,
                                                        Class<?> clazz)

  Find the first `Class` in the inheritance hierarchy of the specified `clazz` (including the specified `clazz` itself) which declares an annotation for the specified `annotationType`, or `null` if not found. If the supplied `clazz` is `null`, `null` will be returned.

  If the supplied `clazz` is an interface, only the interface itself will be checked; the inheritance hierarchy for interfaces will not be traversed.

  The standard `Class` API does not provide a mechanism for determining which class in an inheritance hierarchy actually declares an `Annotation`, so we need to handle this explicitly.

  Parameters:
    `annotationType` - the Class object corresponding to the annotation type
    `clazz` - the Class object corresponding to the class on which to check for the annotation, or `null`
  Returns:
    the first `Class` in the inheritance hierarchy of the specified `clazz` which declares an annotation for the specified `annotationType`, or `null` if not found
  See Also:
    `Class.isAnnotationPresent(Class)`, `Class.getDeclaredAnnotations()`

### isAnnotationDeclaredLocally

    public static boolean isAnnotationDeclaredLocally(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType,
                                                      Class<?> clazz)

  Determine whether an annotation for the specified `annotationType` is declared locally on the supplied `clazz`. The supplied `Class` may represent any type.

  Note: This method does not determine if the annotation is `inherited`. For greater clarity regarding inherited annotations, consider using `isAnnotationInherited(Class, Class)` instead.

  Parameters:
    `annotationType` - the Class object corresponding to the annotation type
    `clazz` - the Class object corresponding to the class on which to check for the annotation
  Returns:
    `true` if an annotation for the specified `annotationType` is declared locally on the supplied `clazz`
  See Also:
    `Class.getDeclaredAnnotations()`, `isAnnotationInherited(Class, Class)`

### isAnnotationInherited

    public static boolean isAnnotationInherited(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType,
                                                Class<?> clazz)

  Determine whether an annotation for the specified `annotationType` is present on the supplied `clazz` and is `inherited` i.e., not declared locally for the class).

  If the supplied `clazz` is an interface, only the interface itself will be checked. In accordance with standard meta-annotation semantics, the inheritance hierarchy for interfaces will not be traversed. See the `JavaDoc` for the @Inherited meta-annotation for further details regarding annotation inheritance.

  Parameters:
    `annotationType` - the Class object corresponding to the annotation type
    `clazz` - the Class object corresponding to the class on which to check for the annotation
  Returns:
    `true` if an annotation for the specified `annotationType` is present on the supplied `clazz` and is `inherited`
  See Also:
    `Class.isAnnotationPresent(Class)`, `isAnnotationDeclaredLocally(Class, Class)`

### getAnnotationAttributes

    public static Map<String,Object> getAnnotationAttributes(Annotation annotation)

  Retrieve the given annotation's attributes as a Map, preserving all attribute types as-is.

  Note: As of Spring 3.1.1, the returned map is actually an `AnnotationAttributes` instance, however the Map signature of this method has been preserved for binary compatibility.

  Parameters:
    `annotation` - the annotation to retrieve the attributes for
  Returns:
    the Map of annotation attributes, with attribute names as keys and corresponding attribute values as values

### getAnnotationAttributes

    public static Map<String,Object> getAnnotationAttributes(Annotation annotation,
                                                             boolean classValuesAsString)

  Retrieve the given annotation's attributes as a Map. Equivalent to calling `getAnnotationAttributes(Annotation, boolean, boolean)` with the `nestedAnnotationsAsMap` parameter set to `false`.

  Note: As of Spring 3.1.1, the returned map is actually an `AnnotationAttributes` instance, however the Map signature of this method has been preserved for binary compatibility.

  Parameters:
    `annotation` - the annotation to retrieve the attributes for
    `classValuesAsString` - whether to turn Class references into Strings (for compatibility with `AnnotationMetadata` or to preserve them as Class references
  Returns:
    the Map of annotation attributes, with attribute names as keys and corresponding attribute values as values

### getAnnotationAttributes

    public static AnnotationAttributes getAnnotationAttributes(Annotation annotation,
                                                               boolean classValuesAsString,
                                                               boolean nestedAnnotationsAsMap)

  Retrieve the given annotation's attributes as an `AnnotationAttributes` map structure. Implemented in Spring 3.1.1 to provide fully recursive annotation reading capabilities on par with that of the reflection-based `StandardAnnotationMetadata`.

  Parameters:
    `annotation` - the annotation to retrieve the attributes for
    `classValuesAsString` - whether to turn Class references into Strings (for compatibility with `AnnotationMetadata` or to preserve them as Class references
    `nestedAnnotationsAsMap` - whether to turn nested Annotation instances into `AnnotationAttributes` maps (for compatibility with `AnnotationMetadata` or to preserve them as Annotation instances
  Returns:
    the annotation attributes (a specialized Map) with attribute names as keys and corresponding attribute values as values
  Since:
    3.1.1

### getValue

    public static Object getValue(Annotation annotation)

  Retrieve the value of the `"value"` attribute of a single-element Annotation, given an annotation instance.

  Parameters:
    `annotation` - the annotation instance from which to retrieve the value
  Returns:
    the attribute value, or `null` if not found
  See Also:
    `getValue(Annotation, String)`

### getValue

    public static Object getValue(Annotation annotation,
                                  String attributeName)

  Retrieve the value of a named Annotation attribute, given an annotation instance.

  Parameters:
    `annotation` - the annotation instance from which to retrieve the value
    `attributeName` - the name of the attribute value to retrieve
  Returns:
    the attribute value, or `null` if not found
  See Also:
    `getValue(Annotation)`

### getDefaultValue

    public static Object getDefaultValue(Annotation annotation)

  Retrieve the default value of the `"value"` attribute of a single-element Annotation, given an annotation instance.

  Parameters:
    `annotation` - the annotation instance from which to retrieve the default value
  Returns:
    the default value, or `null` if not found
  See Also:
    `getDefaultValue(Annotation, String)`

### getDefaultValue

    public static Object getDefaultValue(Annotation annotation,
                                         String attributeName)

  Retrieve the default value of a named Annotation attribute, given an annotation instance.

  Parameters:
    `annotation` - the annotation instance from which to retrieve the default value
    `attributeName` - the name of the attribute value to retrieve
  Returns:
    the default value of the named attribute, or `null` if not found
  See Also:
    `getDefaultValue(Class, String)`

### getDefaultValue

    public static Object getDefaultValue(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType)

  Retrieve the default value of the `"value"` attribute of a single-element Annotation, given the `annotation type`.

  Parameters:
    `annotationType` - the annotation type for which the default value should be retrieved
  Returns:
    the default value, or `null` if not found
  See Also:
    `getDefaultValue(Class, String)`

### getDefaultValue

    public static Object getDefaultValue(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType,
                                         String attributeName)

  Retrieve the default value of a named Annotation attribute, given the `annotation type`.

  Parameters:
    `annotationType` - the annotation type for which the default value should be retrieved
    `attributeName` - the name of the attribute value to retrieve.
  Returns:
    the default value of the named attribute, or `null` if not found
  See Also:
    `getDefaultValue(Annotation, String)`