## org.springframework.orm.hibernate3
Class HibernateTemplate

    java.lang.Object
      org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateAccessor
          org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate

All Implemented Interfaces:
  Aware, BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean, HibernateOperations

    public class HibernateTemplate

extends HibernateAccessor
implements HibernateOperations

Helper class that simplifies Hibernate data access code. Automatically converts HibernateExceptions into DataAccessExceptions, following the `org.springframework.dao` exception hierarchy.

The central method is `execute`, supporting Hibernate access code implementing the `HibernateCallback` interface. It provides Hibernate Session handling such that neither the HibernateCallback implementation nor the calling code needs to explicitly care about retrieving/closing Hibernate Sessions, or handling Session lifecycle exceptions. For typical single step actions, there are various convenience methods (find, load, saveOrUpdate, delete).

Can be used within a service implementation via direct instantiation with a SessionFactory reference, or get prepared in an application context and given to services as bean reference. Note: The SessionFactory should always be configured as bean in the application context, in the first case given to the service directly, in the second case to the prepared template.

NOTE: As of Hibernate 3.0.1, transactional Hibernate access code can also be coded in plain Hibernate style. Hence, for newly started projects, consider adopting the standard Hibernate3 style of coding data access objects instead, based on `SessionFactory.getCurrentSession()`.

This class can be considered as direct alternative to working with the raw Hibernate3 Session API (through `SessionFactory.getCurrentSession()`). The major advantage is its automatic conversion to DataAccessExceptions as well as its capability to fall back to 'auto-commit' style behavior when used outside of transactions. Note that HibernateTemplate will perform its own Session management, not participating in a custom Hibernate CurrentSessionContext unless you explicitly switch `"allowCreate"` to "false".

`LocalSessionFactoryBean` is the preferred way of obtaining a reference to a specific Hibernate SessionFactory, at least in a non-EJB environment. The Spring application context will manage its lifecycle, initializing and shutting down the factory as part of the application.

Note that operations that return an Iterator (i.e. `iterate`) are supposed to be used within Spring-driven or JTA-driven transactions (with HibernateTransactionManager, JtaTransactionManager, or EJB CMT). Else, the Iterator won't be able to read results from its ResultSet anymore, as the underlying Hibernate Session will already have been closed.

Lazy loading will also just work with an open Hibernate Session, either within a transaction or within OpenSessionInViewFilter/Interceptor. Furthermore, some operations just make sense within transactions, for example: `contains`, `evict`, `lock`, `flush`, `clear`.

Since:
  1.2
Author:
  Juergen Hoeller
See Also:
  `HibernateAccessor.setSessionFactory(org.hibernate.SessionFactory)`, `HibernateCallback`, `Session`, `LocalSessionFactoryBean`, `HibernateTransactionManager`, `JtaTransactionManager`, `OpenSessionInViewFilter`, `OpenSessionInViewInterceptor`

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateAccessor
`FLUSH_ALWAYS, FLUSH_AUTO, FLUSH_COMMIT, FLUSH_EAGER, FLUSH_NEVER, logger`

Constructor Summary
`HibernateTemplate()` Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.
`HibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory)` Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.
`HibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory, boolean allowCreate)` Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.

Method Summary
`protected void` `applyNamedParameterToQuery(Query queryObject, String paramName, Object value)` Apply the given name parameter to the given Query object.
`int` `bulkUpdate(String queryString)` Update/delete all objects according to the given query.
`int` `bulkUpdate(String queryString, Object... values)` Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
`int` `bulkUpdate(String queryString, Object value)` Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
`protected void` `checkWriteOperationAllowed(Session session)` Check whether write operations are allowed on the given Session.
`void` `clear()` Remove all objects from the `Session` cache, and cancel all pending saves, updates and deletes.
`void` `closeIterator(Iterator it)` Immediately close an `Iterator` created by any of the various `iterate(..)` operations, instead of waiting until the session is closed or disconnected.
`boolean` `contains(Object entity)` Check whether the given object is in the Session cache.
`protected Session` `createSessionProxy(Session session)` Create a close-suppressing proxy for the given Hibernate Session.
`void` `delete(Object entity)` Delete the given persistent instance.
`void` `delete(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Delete the given persistent instance.
`void` `delete(String entityName, Object entity)` Delete the given persistent instance.
`void` `delete(String entityName, Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Delete the given persistent instance.
`void` `deleteAll(Collection entities)` Delete all given persistent instances.

`protected

`<T> T`

`

`doExecute(HibernateCallback<T> action, boolean enforceNewSession, boolean enforceNativeSession)`
Execute the action specified by the given action object within a Session.

`Filter` `enableFilter(String filterName)` Return an enabled Hibernate `Filter` for the given filter name.
`void` `evict(Object entity)` Remove the given object from the `Session` cache.

`

`<T> T`

`

`execute(HibernateCallback<T> action)`
Execute the action specified by the given action object within a `Session`.

`List` `executeFind(HibernateCallback<?> action)` Execute the specified action assuming that the result object is a `List`.

`

`<T> T`

`

`executeWithNativeSession(HibernateCallback<T> action)`
Execute the action specified by the given action object within a native `Session`.

`

`<T> T`

`

`executeWithNewSession(HibernateCallback<T> action)`
Execute the action specified by the given action object within a new `Session`.

`List` `find(String queryString)` Execute an HQL query.
`List` `find(String queryString, Object... values)` Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
`List` `find(String queryString, Object value)` Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
`List` `findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria)` Execute a query based on a given Hibernate criteria object.
`List` `findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria, int firstResult, int maxResults)` Execute a query based on the given Hibernate criteria object.
`List` `findByExample(Object exampleEntity)` Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
`List` `findByExample(Object exampleEntity, int firstResult, int maxResults)` Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
`List` `findByExample(String entityName, Object exampleEntity)` Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
`List` `findByExample(String entityName, Object exampleEntity, int firstResult, int maxResults)` Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
`List` `findByNamedParam(String queryString, String[] paramNames, Object[] values)` Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.
`List` `findByNamedParam(String queryString, String paramName, Object value)` Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.
`List` `findByNamedQuery(String queryName)` Execute a named query.
`List` `findByNamedQuery(String queryName, Object... values)` Execute a named query binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
`List` `findByNamedQuery(String queryName, Object value)` Execute a named query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
`List` `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName, String[] paramNames, Object[] values)` Execute a named query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.
`List` `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName, String paramName, Object value)` Execute a named query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.
`List` `findByNamedQueryAndValueBean(String queryName, Object valueBean)` Execute a named query, binding the properties of the given bean to ":" named parameters in the query string.
`List` `findByValueBean(String queryString, Object valueBean)` Execute an HQL query, binding the properties of the given bean to named parameters in the query string.
`void` `flush()` Flush all pending saves, updates and deletes to the database.

`

`<T> T`

`

`get(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id)`
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

`

`<T> T`

`

`get(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)`
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

`Object` `get(String entityName, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
`Object` `get(String entityName, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
`int` `getFetchSize()` Return the fetch size specified for this HibernateTemplate.
`int` `getMaxResults()` Return the maximum number of rows specified for this HibernateTemplate.
`String` `getQueryCacheRegion()` Return the name of the cache region for queries executed by this template.
`protected Session` `getSession()` Return a Session for use by this template.
`void` `initialize(Object proxy)` Force initialization of a Hibernate proxy or persistent collection.
`boolean` `isAllowCreate()` Return if a new Session should be created if no thread-bound found.
`boolean` `isAlwaysUseNewSession()` Return whether to always use a new Hibernate Session for this template.
`boolean` `isCacheQueries()` Return whether to cache all queries executed by this template.
`boolean` `isCheckWriteOperations()` Return whether to check that the Hibernate Session is not in read-only mode in case of write operations (save/update/delete).
`boolean` `isExposeNativeSession()` Return whether to expose the native Hibernate Session to HibernateCallback code, or rather a Session proxy.
`Iterator` `iterate(String queryString)` Execute a query for persistent instances.
`Iterator` `iterate(String queryString, Object... values)` Execute a query for persistent instances, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
`Iterator` `iterate(String queryString, Object value)` Execute a query for persistent instances, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.

`

`<T> T`

`

`load(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id)`
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

`

`<T> T`

`

`load(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)`
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

`void` `load(Object entity, Serializable id)` Load the persistent instance with the given identifier into the given object, throwing an exception if not found.
`Object` `load(String entityName, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.
`Object` `load(String entityName, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

`

`<T> List<T>`

`

`loadAll(Class<T> entityClass)`
Return all persistent instances of the given entity class.

`void` `lock(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.
`void` `lock(String entityName, Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

`

`<T> T`

`

`merge(String entityName, T entity)`
Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier.

`

`<T> T`

`

`merge(T entity)`
Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier.

`void` `persist(Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
`void` `persist(String entityName, Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
`protected void` `prepareCriteria(Criteria criteria)` Prepare the given Criteria object, applying cache settings and/or a transaction timeout.
`protected void` `prepareQuery(Query queryObject)` Prepare the given Query object, applying cache settings and/or a transaction timeout.
`void` `refresh(Object entity)` Re-read the state of the given persistent instance.
`void` `refresh(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Re-read the state of the given persistent instance.
`void` `replicate(Object entity, ReplicationMode replicationMode)` Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
`void` `replicate(String entityName, Object entity, ReplicationMode replicationMode)` Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
`Serializable` `save(Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
`Serializable` `save(String entityName, Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
`void` `saveOrUpdate(Object entity)` Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?).
`void` `saveOrUpdate(String entityName, Object entity)` Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?).
`void` `saveOrUpdateAll(Collection entities)` Save or update all given persistent instances, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?).
`void` `setAllowCreate(boolean allowCreate)` Set if a new `Session` should be created when no transactional `Session` can be found for the current thread.
`void` `setAlwaysUseNewSession(boolean alwaysUseNewSession)` Set whether to always use a new Hibernate Session for this template.
`void` `setCacheQueries(boolean cacheQueries)` Set whether to cache all queries executed by this template.
`void` `setCheckWriteOperations(boolean checkWriteOperations)` Set whether to check that the Hibernate Session is not in read-only mode in case of write operations (save/update/delete).
`void` `setExposeNativeSession(boolean exposeNativeSession)` Set whether to expose the native Hibernate Session to HibernateCallback code.
`void` `setFetchSize(int fetchSize)` Set the fetch size for this HibernateTemplate.
`void` `setMaxResults(int maxResults)` Set the maximum number of rows for this HibernateTemplate.
`void` `setQueryCacheRegion(String queryCacheRegion)` Set the name of the cache region for queries executed by this template.
`void` `update(Object entity)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
`void` `update(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
`void` `update(String entityName, Object entity)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
`void` `update(String entityName, Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

Methods inherited from class org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateAccessor

`afterPropertiesSet, applyFlushMode, convertHibernateAccessException, convertJdbcAccessException, convertJdbcAccessException, disableFilters, enableFilters, flushIfNecessary, getDefaultJdbcExceptionTranslator, getEntityInterceptor, getFilterNames, getFlushMode, getJdbcExceptionTranslator, getSessionFactory, setBeanFactory, setEntityInterceptor, setEntityInterceptorBeanName, setFilterName, setFilterNames, setFlushMode, setFlushModeName, setJdbcExceptionTranslator, setSessionFactory`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Constructor Detail

### HibernateTemplate

    public HibernateTemplate()

  Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.

### HibernateTemplate

    public HibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory)

  Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.

  Parameters:
    `sessionFactory` - SessionFactory to create Sessions

### HibernateTemplate

    public HibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory,
                             boolean allowCreate)

  Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.

  Parameters:
    `sessionFactory` - SessionFactory to create Sessions
    `allowCreate` - if a non-transactional Session should be created when no transactional Session can be found for the current thread

Method Detail

### setAllowCreate

    public void setAllowCreate(boolean allowCreate)

  Set if a new `Session` should be created when no transactional `Session` can be found for the current thread. The default value is `true`.

  `HibernateTemplate` is aware of a corresponding `Session` bound to the current thread, for example when using `HibernateTransactionManager`. If `allowCreate` is `true`, a new non-transactional `Session` will be created if none is found, which needs to be closed at the end of the operation. If `false`, an `IllegalStateException` will get thrown in this case.

  NOTE: As of Spring 2.5, switching `allowCreate` to `false` will delegate to Hibernate's `SessionFactory.getCurrentSession()` method, which - with Spring-based setup - will by default delegate to Spring's `SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, false)`. This mode also allows for custom Hibernate CurrentSessionContext strategies to be plugged in, whereas `allowCreate` set to `true` will always use a Spring-managed Hibernate Session.

  See Also:
    `SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(SessionFactory, boolean)`

### isAllowCreate

    public boolean isAllowCreate()

  Return if a new Session should be created if no thread-bound found.

### setAlwaysUseNewSession

    public void setAlwaysUseNewSession(boolean alwaysUseNewSession)

  Set whether to always use a new Hibernate Session for this template. Default is "false"; if activated, all operations on this template will work on a new Hibernate Session even in case of a pre-bound Session (for example, within a transaction or OpenSessionInViewFilter).

  Within a transaction, a new Hibernate Session used by this template will participate in the transaction through using the same JDBC Connection. In such a scenario, multiple Sessions will participate in the same database transaction.

  Turn this on for operations that are supposed to always execute independently, without side effects caused by a shared Hibernate Session.

### isAlwaysUseNewSession

    public boolean isAlwaysUseNewSession()

  Return whether to always use a new Hibernate Session for this template.

### setExposeNativeSession

    public void setExposeNativeSession(boolean exposeNativeSession)

  Set whether to expose the native Hibernate Session to HibernateCallback code.

  Default is "false": a Session proxy will be returned, suppressing `close` calls and automatically applying query cache settings and transaction timeouts.

  See Also:
    `HibernateCallback`, `Session`, `setCacheQueries(boolean)`, `setQueryCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `prepareQuery(org.hibernate.Query)`, `prepareCriteria(org.hibernate.Criteria)`

### isExposeNativeSession

    public boolean isExposeNativeSession()

  Return whether to expose the native Hibernate Session to HibernateCallback code, or rather a Session proxy.

### setCheckWriteOperations

    public void setCheckWriteOperations(boolean checkWriteOperations)

  Set whether to check that the Hibernate Session is not in read-only mode in case of write operations (save/update/delete).

  Default is "true", for fail-fast behavior when attempting write operations within a read-only transaction. Turn this off to allow save/update/delete on a Session with flush mode NEVER.

  See Also:
    `HibernateAccessor.setFlushMode(int)`, `checkWriteOperationAllowed(org.hibernate.Session)`, `TransactionDefinition.isReadOnly()`

### isCheckWriteOperations

    public boolean isCheckWriteOperations()

  Return whether to check that the Hibernate Session is not in read-only mode in case of write operations (save/update/delete).

### setCacheQueries

    public void setCacheQueries(boolean cacheQueries)

  Set whether to cache all queries executed by this template.

  If this is "true", all Query and Criteria objects created by this template will be marked as cacheable (including all queries through find methods).

  To specify the query region to be used for queries cached by this template, set the "queryCacheRegion" property.

  See Also:
    `setQueryCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `Query.setCacheable(boolean)`, `Criteria.setCacheable(boolean)`

### isCacheQueries

    public boolean isCacheQueries()

  Return whether to cache all queries executed by this template.

### setQueryCacheRegion

    public void setQueryCacheRegion(String queryCacheRegion)

  Set the name of the cache region for queries executed by this template.

  If this is specified, it will be applied to all Query and Criteria objects created by this template (including all queries through find methods).

  The cache region will not take effect unless queries created by this template are configured to be cached via the "cacheQueries" property.

  See Also:
    `setCacheQueries(boolean)`, `Query.setCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `Criteria.setCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`

### getQueryCacheRegion

    public String getQueryCacheRegion()

  Return the name of the cache region for queries executed by this template.

### setFetchSize

    public void setFetchSize(int fetchSize)

  Set the fetch size for this HibernateTemplate. This is important for processing large result sets: Setting this higher than the default value will increase processing speed at the cost of memory consumption; setting this lower can avoid transferring row data that will never be read by the application.

  Default is 0, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default.

### getFetchSize

    public int getFetchSize()

  Return the fetch size specified for this HibernateTemplate.

### setMaxResults

    public void setMaxResults(int maxResults)

  Set the maximum number of rows for this HibernateTemplate. This is important for processing subsets of large result sets, avoiding to read and hold the entire result set in the database or in the JDBC driver if we're never interested in the entire result in the first place (for example, when performing searches that might return a large number of matches).

  Default is 0, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default.

### getMaxResults

    public int getMaxResults()

  Return the maximum number of rows specified for this HibernateTemplate.

### execute

    public <T> T execute(HibernateCallback<T> action)
              throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute the action specified by the given action object within a `Session`.

  Application exceptions thrown by the action object get propagated to the caller (can only be unchecked). Hibernate exceptions are transformed into appropriate DAO ones. Allows for returning a result object, that is a domain object or a collection of domain objects.

  Note: Callback code is not supposed to handle transactions itself! Use an appropriate transaction manager like `HibernateTransactionManager`. Generally, callback code must not touch any `Session` lifecycle methods, like close, disconnect, or reconnect, to let the template do its work.

  Specified by:
    `execute` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
  Returns:
    a result object returned by the action, or `null`
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `HibernateTransactionManager`, `org.springframework.dao`, `org.springframework.transaction`, `Session`

### executeFind

    public List executeFind(HibernateCallback<?> action)
                     throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute the specified action assuming that the result object is a `List`.

  This is a convenience method for executing Hibernate find calls or queries within an action.

  Specified by:
    `executeFind` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `action` - calback object that specifies the Hibernate action
  Returns:
    a List result returned by the action, or `null`
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

### executeWithNewSession

    public <T> T executeWithNewSession(HibernateCallback<T> action)

  Execute the action specified by the given action object within a new `Session`.

  This execute variant overrides the template-wide `"alwaysUseNewSession"` setting.

  Parameters:
    `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
  Returns:
    a result object returned by the action, or `null`
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

### executeWithNativeSession

    public <T> T executeWithNativeSession(HibernateCallback<T> action)

  Execute the action specified by the given action object within a native `Session`.

  This execute variant overrides the template-wide `"exposeNativeSession"` setting.

  Parameters:
    `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
  Returns:
    a result object returned by the action, or `null`
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

### doExecute

    protected <T> T doExecute(HibernateCallback<T> action,
                              boolean enforceNewSession,
                              boolean enforceNativeSession)
                   throws DataAccessException

  Execute the action specified by the given action object within a Session.

  Parameters:
    `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
    `enforceNewSession` - whether to enforce a new Session for this template even if there is a pre-bound transactional Session
    `enforceNativeSession` - whether to enforce exposure of the native Hibernate Session to callback code
  Returns:
    a result object returned by the action, or `null`
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

### getSession

    protected Session getSession()

  Return a Session for use by this template.

  Returns a new Session in case of "alwaysUseNewSession" (using the same JDBC Connection as a transactional Session, if applicable), a pre-bound Session in case of "allowCreate" turned off, and a pre-bound or new Session otherwise (new only if no transactional or otherwise pre-bound Session exists).

  Returns:
    the Session to use (never `null`)
  See Also:
    `SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(org.hibernate.SessionFactory, boolean)`, `SessionFactoryUtils.getNewSession(org.hibernate.SessionFactory)`, `setAlwaysUseNewSession(boolean)`, `setAllowCreate(boolean)`

### createSessionProxy

    protected Session createSessionProxy(Session session)

  Create a close-suppressing proxy for the given Hibernate Session. The proxy also prepares returned Query and Criteria objects.

  Parameters:
    `session` - the Hibernate Session to create a proxy for
  Returns:
    the Session proxy
  See Also:
    `Session.close()`, `prepareQuery(org.hibernate.Query)`, `prepareCriteria(org.hibernate.Criteria)`

### get

    public <T> T get(Class<T> entityClass,
                     Serializable id)
          throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

  This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

  Specified by:
    `get` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityClass` - a persistent class
    `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
  Returns:
    the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

### get

    public <T> T get(Class<T> entityClass,
                     Serializable id,
                     LockMode lockMode)
          throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

  Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

  This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

  Specified by:
    `get` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityClass` - a persistent class
    `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Returns:
    the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

### get

    public Object get(String entityName,
                      Serializable id)
               throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

  This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(String, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

  Specified by:
    `get` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
  Returns:
    the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

### get

    public Object get(String entityName,
                      Serializable id,
                      LockMode lockMode)
               throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found. Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

  This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(String, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

  Specified by:
    `get` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Returns:
    the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

### load

    public <T> T load(Class<T> entityClass,
                      Serializable id)
           throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

  This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

  Specified by:
    `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityClass` - a persistent class
    `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
  Returns:
    the persistent instance
  Throws:
    `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

### load

    public <T> T load(Class<T> entityClass,
                      Serializable id,
                      LockMode lockMode)
           throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found. Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

  This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

  Specified by:
    `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityClass` - a persistent class
    `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Returns:
    the persistent instance
  Throws:
    `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

### load

    public Object load(String entityName,
                       Serializable id)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

  This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(String, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

  Specified by:
    `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
  Returns:
    the persistent instance
  Throws:
    `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

### load

    public Object load(String entityName,
                       Serializable id,
                       LockMode lockMode)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

  Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

  This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(String, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

  Specified by:
    `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Returns:
    the persistent instance
  Throws:
    `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

### loadAll

    public <T> List<T> loadAll(Class<T> entityClass)
                    throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return all persistent instances of the given entity class. Note: Use queries or criteria for retrieving a specific subset.

  Specified by:
    `loadAll` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityClass` - a persistent class
  Returns:
    a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - if there is a Hibernate error
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createCriteria(java.lang.Class)`

### load

    public void load(Object entity,
                     Serializable id)
              throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Load the persistent instance with the given identifier into the given object, throwing an exception if not found.

  This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(Object, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

  Specified by:
    `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the object (of the target class) to load into
    `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
  Throws:
    `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.load(Object, java.io.Serializable)`

### refresh

    public void refresh(Object entity)
                 throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Re-read the state of the given persistent instance.

  Specified by:
    `refresh` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to re-read
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.refresh(Object)`

### refresh

    public void refresh(Object entity,
                        LockMode lockMode)
                 throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Re-read the state of the given persistent instance. Obtains the specified lock mode for the instance.

  Specified by:
    `refresh` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to re-read
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.refresh(Object, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

### contains

    public boolean contains(Object entity)
                     throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Check whether the given object is in the Session cache.

  Specified by:
    `contains` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistence instance to check
  Returns:
    whether the given object is in the Session cache
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - if there is a Hibernate error
  See Also:
    `Session.contains(java.lang.Object)`

### evict

    public void evict(Object entity)
               throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Remove the given object from the `Session` cache.

  Specified by:
    `evict` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to evict
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.evict(java.lang.Object)`

### initialize

    public void initialize(Object proxy)
                    throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Force initialization of a Hibernate proxy or persistent collection.

  Specified by:
    `initialize` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `proxy` - a proxy for a persistent object or a persistent collection
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - if we can't initialize the proxy, for example because it is not associated with an active Session
  See Also:
    `Hibernate.initialize(java.lang.Object)`

### enableFilter

    public Filter enableFilter(String filterName)
                        throws IllegalStateException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Return an enabled Hibernate `Filter` for the given filter name. The returned `Filter` instance can be used to set filter parameters.

  Specified by:
    `enableFilter` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `filterName` - the name of the filter
  Returns:
    the enabled Hibernate `Filter` (either already enabled or enabled on the fly by this operation)
  Throws:
    `IllegalStateException` - if we are not running within a transactional Session (in which case this operation does not make sense)

### lock

    public void lock(Object entity,
                     LockMode lockMode)
              throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

  Specified by:
    `lock` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to lock
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Throws:
    `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.lock(Object, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

### lock

    public void lock(String entityName,
                     Object entity,
                     LockMode lockMode)
              throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

  Specified by:
    `lock` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the persistent instance to lock
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Throws:
    `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.lock(String, Object, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

### save

    public Serializable save(Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Persist the given transient instance.

  Specified by:
    `save` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the transient instance to persist
  Returns:
    the generated identifier
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.save(Object)`

### save

    public Serializable save(String entityName,
                             Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Persist the given transient instance.

  Specified by:
    `save` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the transient instance to persist
  Returns:
    the generated identifier
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.save(String, Object)`

### update

    public void update(Object entity)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

  Specified by:
    `update` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to update
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.update(Object)`

### update

    public void update(Object entity,
                       LockMode lockMode)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

  Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

  Specified by:
    `update` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to update
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Throws:
    `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.update(Object)`

### update

    public void update(String entityName,
                       Object entity)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

  Specified by:
    `update` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the persistent instance to update
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.update(String, Object)`

### update

    public void update(String entityName,
                       Object entity,
                       LockMode lockMode)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

  Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

  Specified by:
    `update` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the persistent instance to update
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Throws:
    `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.update(String, Object)`

### saveOrUpdate

    public void saveOrUpdate(Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?). Associates the instance with the current Hibernate `Session`.

  Specified by:
    `saveOrUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to save or update (to be associated with the Hibernate `Session`)
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.saveOrUpdate(Object)`

### saveOrUpdate

    public void saveOrUpdate(String entityName,
                             Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?). Associates the instance with the current Hibernate `Session`.

  Specified by:
    `saveOrUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the persistent instance to save or update (to be associated with the Hibernate `Session`)
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.saveOrUpdate(String, Object)`

### saveOrUpdateAll

    public void saveOrUpdateAll(Collection entities)
                         throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Save or update all given persistent instances, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?). Associates the instances with the current Hibernate `Session`.

  Specified by:
    `saveOrUpdateAll` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entities` - the persistent instances to save or update (to be associated with the Hibernate `Session`)
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

### replicate

    public void replicate(Object entity,
                          ReplicationMode replicationMode)
                   throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.

  Specified by:
    `replicate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent object to replicate
    `replicationMode` - the Hibernate ReplicationMode
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.replicate(Object, org.hibernate.ReplicationMode)`

### replicate

    public void replicate(String entityName,
                          Object entity,
                          ReplicationMode replicationMode)
                   throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.

  Specified by:
    `replicate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the persistent object to replicate
    `replicationMode` - the Hibernate ReplicationMode
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.replicate(String, Object, org.hibernate.ReplicationMode)`

### persist

    public void persist(Object entity)
                 throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Persist the given transient instance. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

  Similar to `save`, associating the given object with the current Hibernate `Session`.

  Specified by:
    `persist` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to persist
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.persist(Object)`, `HibernateOperations.save(java.lang.Object)`

### persist

    public void persist(String entityName,
                        Object entity)
                 throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Persist the given transient instance. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

  Similar to `save`, associating the given object with the current Hibernate `Session`.

  Specified by:
    `persist` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the persistent instance to persist
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.persist(String, Object)`, `HibernateOperations.save(java.lang.Object)`

### merge

    public <T> T merge(T entity)
            throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

  Similar to `saveOrUpdate`, but never associates the given object with the current Hibernate Session. In case of a new entity, the state will be copied over as well.

  Note that `merge` will not update the identifiers in the passed-in object graph (in contrast to TopLink)! Consider registering Spring's `IdTransferringMergeEventListener` if you would like to have newly assigned ids transferred to the original object graph too.

  Specified by:
    `merge` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the object to merge with the corresponding persistence instance
  Returns:
    the updated, registered persistent instance
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.merge(Object)`, `HibernateOperations.saveOrUpdate(java.lang.Object)`, `IdTransferringMergeEventListener`

### merge

    public <T> T merge(String entityName,
                       T entity)
            throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

  Similar to `saveOrUpdate`, but never associates the given object with the current Hibernate `Session`. In the case of a new entity, the state will be copied over as well.

  Note that `merge` will not update the identifiers in the passed-in object graph (in contrast to TopLink)! Consider registering Spring's `IdTransferringMergeEventListener` if you would like to have newly assigned ids transferred to the original object graph too.

  Specified by:
    `merge` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the object to merge with the corresponding persistence instance
  Returns:
    the updated, registered persistent instance
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.merge(String, Object)`, `HibernateOperations.saveOrUpdate(java.lang.Object)`

### delete

    public void delete(Object entity)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Delete the given persistent instance.

  Specified by:
    `delete` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.delete(Object)`

### delete

    public void delete(Object entity,
                       LockMode lockMode)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Delete the given persistent instance.

  Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

  Specified by:
    `delete` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Throws:
    `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.delete(Object)`

### delete

    public void delete(String entityName,
                       Object entity)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Delete the given persistent instance.

  Specified by:
    `delete` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.delete(Object)`

### delete

    public void delete(String entityName,
                       Object entity,
                       LockMode lockMode)
                throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Delete the given persistent instance.

  Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

  Specified by:
    `delete` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
    `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
  Throws:
    `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.delete(Object)`

### deleteAll

    public void deleteAll(Collection entities)
                   throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Delete all given persistent instances.

  This can be combined with any of the find methods to delete by query in two lines of code.

  Specified by:
    `deleteAll` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entities` - the persistent instances to delete
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.delete(Object)`

### flush

    public void flush()
               throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Flush all pending saves, updates and deletes to the database.

  Only invoke this for selective eager flushing, for example when JDBC code needs to see certain changes within the same transaction. Else, it is preferable to rely on auto-flushing at transaction completion.

  Specified by:
    `flush` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.flush()`

### clear

    public void clear()
               throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Remove all objects from the `Session` cache, and cancel all pending saves, updates and deletes.

  Specified by:
    `clear` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Session.clear()`

### find

    public List find(String queryString)
              throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute an HQL query.

  Specified by:
    `find` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

### find

    public List find(String queryString,
                     Object value)
              throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.

  Specified by:
    `find` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
    `value` - the value of the parameter
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

### find

    public List find(String queryString,
                     Object... values)
              throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.

  Specified by:
    `find` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
    `values` - the values of the parameters
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

### findByNamedParam

    public List findByNamedParam(String queryString,
                                 String paramName,
                                 Object value)
                          throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.

  Specified by:
    `findByNamedParam` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
    `paramName` - the name of the parameter
    `value` - the value of the parameter
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

### findByNamedParam

    public List findByNamedParam(String queryString,
                                 String[] paramNames,
                                 Object[] values)
                          throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.

  Specified by:
    `findByNamedParam` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
    `paramNames` - the names of the parameters
    `values` - the values of the parameters
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

### findByValueBean

    public List findByValueBean(String queryString,
                                Object valueBean)
                         throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute an HQL query, binding the properties of the given bean to named parameters in the query string.

  Specified by:
    `findByValueBean` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
    `valueBean` - the values of the parameters
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Query.setProperties(java.lang.Object)`, `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

### findByNamedQuery

    public List findByNamedQuery(String queryName)
                          throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a named query.

  A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

  Specified by:
    `findByNamedQuery` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

### findByNamedQuery

    public List findByNamedQuery(String queryName,
                                 Object value)
                          throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a named query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.

  A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

  Specified by:
    `findByNamedQuery` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
    `value` - the value of the parameter
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

### findByNamedQuery

    public List findByNamedQuery(String queryName,
                                 Object... values)
                          throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a named query binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.

  A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

  Specified by:
    `findByNamedQuery` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
    `values` - the values of the parameters
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

### findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam

    public List findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName,
                                              String paramName,
                                              Object value)
                                       throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a named query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.

  A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

  Specified by:
    `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
    `paramName` - the name of parameter
    `value` - the value of the parameter
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

### findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam

    public List findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName,
                                              String[] paramNames,
                                              Object[] values)
                                       throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a named query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.

  A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

  Specified by:
    `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
    `paramNames` - the names of the parameters
    `values` - the values of the parameters
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

### findByNamedQueryAndValueBean

    public List findByNamedQueryAndValueBean(String queryName,
                                             Object valueBean)
                                      throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a named query, binding the properties of the given bean to ":" named parameters in the query string.

  A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

  Specified by:
    `findByNamedQueryAndValueBean` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
    `valueBean` - the values of the parameters
  Returns:
    a `List` containing the results of the query execution
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Query.setProperties(java.lang.Object)`, `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

### findByCriteria

    public List findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria)
                        throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a query based on a given Hibernate criteria object.

  Specified by:
    `findByCriteria` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `criteria` - the detached Hibernate criteria object. Note: Do not reuse criteria objects! They need to recreated per execution, due to the suboptimal design of Hibernate's criteria facility.
  Returns:
    a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `DetachedCriteria.getExecutableCriteria(org.hibernate.Session)`

### findByCriteria

    public List findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria,
                               int firstResult,
                               int maxResults)
                        throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a query based on the given Hibernate criteria object.

  Specified by:
    `findByCriteria` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `criteria` - the detached Hibernate criteria object. Note: Do not reuse criteria objects! They need to recreated per execution, due to the suboptimal design of Hibernate's criteria facility.
    `firstResult` - the index of the first result object to be retrieved (numbered from 0)
    `maxResults` - the maximum number of result objects to retrieve (or <=0 for no limit)
  Returns:
    a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `DetachedCriteria.getExecutableCriteria(org.hibernate.Session)`, `Criteria.setFirstResult(int)`, `Criteria.setMaxResults(int)`

### findByExample

    public List findByExample(Object exampleEntity)
                       throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a query based on the given example entity object.

  Specified by:
    `findByExample` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
  Returns:
    a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Example.create(Object)`

### findByExample

    public List findByExample(String entityName,
                              Object exampleEntity)
                       throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a query based on the given example entity object.

  Specified by:
    `findByExample` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
  Returns:
    a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Example.create(Object)`

### findByExample

    public List findByExample(Object exampleEntity,
                              int firstResult,
                              int maxResults)
                       throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a query based on a given example entity object.

  Specified by:
    `findByExample` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
    `firstResult` - the index of the first result object to be retrieved (numbered from 0)
    `maxResults` - the maximum number of result objects to retrieve (or <=0 for no limit)
  Returns:
    a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Example.create(Object)`, `Criteria.setFirstResult(int)`, `Criteria.setMaxResults(int)`

### findByExample

    public List findByExample(String entityName,
                              Object exampleEntity,
                              int firstResult,
                              int maxResults)
                       throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a query based on a given example entity object.

  Specified by:
    `findByExample` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
    `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
    `firstResult` - the index of the first result object to be retrieved (numbered from 0)
    `maxResults` - the maximum number of result objects to retrieve (or <=0 for no limit)
  Returns:
    a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `Example.create(Object)`, `Criteria.setFirstResult(int)`, `Criteria.setMaxResults(int)`

### iterate

    public Iterator iterate(String queryString)
                     throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a query for persistent instances.

  Returns the results as an `Iterator`. Entities returned are initialized on demand. See the Hibernate API documentation for details.

  Specified by:
    `iterate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
  Returns:
    an `Iterator` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.iterate()`

### iterate

    public Iterator iterate(String queryString,
                            Object value)
                     throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a query for persistent instances, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.

  Returns the results as an `Iterator`. Entities returned are initialized on demand. See the Hibernate API documentation for details.

  Specified by:
    `iterate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
    `value` - the value of the parameter
  Returns:
    an `Iterator` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.iterate()`

### iterate

    public Iterator iterate(String queryString,
                            Object... values)
                     throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Execute a query for persistent instances, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.

  Returns the results as an `Iterator`. Entities returned are initialized on demand. See the Hibernate API documentation for details.

  Specified by:
    `iterate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
    `values` - the values of the parameters
  Returns:
    an `Iterator` containing 0 or more persistent instances
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.iterate()`

### closeIterator

    public void closeIterator(Iterator it)
                       throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Immediately close an `Iterator` created by any of the various `iterate(..)` operations, instead of waiting until the session is closed or disconnected.

  Specified by:
    `closeIterator` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `it` - the `Iterator` to close
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - if the `Iterator` could not be closed
  See Also:
    `Hibernate.close(java.util.Iterator)`

### bulkUpdate

    public int bulkUpdate(String queryString)
                   throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Update/delete all objects according to the given query.

  Specified by:
    `bulkUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - an update/delete query expressed in Hibernate's query language
  Returns:
    the number of instances updated/deleted
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.executeUpdate()`

### bulkUpdate

    public int bulkUpdate(String queryString,
                          Object value)
                   throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.

  Specified by:
    `bulkUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - an update/delete query expressed in Hibernate's query language
    `value` - the value of the parameter
  Returns:
    the number of instances updated/deleted
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.executeUpdate()`

### bulkUpdate

    public int bulkUpdate(String queryString,
                          Object... values)
                   throws DataAccessException

  Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
  Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.

  Specified by:
    `bulkUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
  Parameters:
    `queryString` - an update/delete query expressed in Hibernate's query language
    `values` - the values of the parameters
  Returns:
    the number of instances updated/deleted
  Throws:
    `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
  See Also:
    `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.executeUpdate()`

### checkWriteOperationAllowed

    protected void checkWriteOperationAllowed(Session session)
                                       throws InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException

  Check whether write operations are allowed on the given Session.

  Default implementation throws an InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException in case of `FlushMode.MANUAL`. Can be overridden in subclasses.

  Parameters:
    `session` - current Hibernate Session
  Throws:
    `InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException` - if write operations are not allowed
  See Also:
    `setCheckWriteOperations(boolean)`, `HibernateAccessor.getFlushMode()`, `HibernateAccessor.FLUSH_EAGER`, `Session.getFlushMode()`, `FlushMode.MANUAL`

### prepareQuery

    protected void prepareQuery(Query queryObject)

  Prepare the given Query object, applying cache settings and/or a transaction timeout.

  Parameters:
    `queryObject` - the Query object to prepare
  See Also:
    `setCacheQueries(boolean)`, `setQueryCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `SessionFactoryUtils.applyTransactionTimeout(org.hibernate.Query, org.hibernate.SessionFactory)`

### prepareCriteria

    protected void prepareCriteria(Criteria criteria)

  Prepare the given Criteria object, applying cache settings and/or a transaction timeout.

  Parameters:
    `criteria` - the Criteria object to prepare
  See Also:
    `setCacheQueries(boolean)`, `setQueryCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `SessionFactoryUtils.applyTransactionTimeout(org.hibernate.Query, org.hibernate.SessionFactory)`

### applyNamedParameterToQuery

    protected void applyNamedParameterToQuery(Query queryObject,
                                              String paramName,
                                              Object value)
                                       throws HibernateException

  Apply the given name parameter to the given Query object.

  Parameters:
    `queryObject` - the Query object
    `paramName` - the name of the parameter
    `value` - the value of the parameter
  Throws:
    `HibernateException` - if thrown by the Query object