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## org.dom4j.io
Class HTMLWriter

    java.lang.Object
      org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLFilterImpl
          org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter
              org.dom4j.io.HTMLWriter

All Implemented Interfaces:
  ContentHandler, DTDHandler, EntityResolver, ErrorHandler, LexicalHandler, XMLFilter, XMLReader

public class HTMLWriter
extends XMLWriter

`HTMLWriter` takes a DOM4J tree and formats it to a stream as HTML. This formatter is similar to XMLWriter but it outputs the text of CDATA and Entity sections rather than the serialised format as in XML, it has an XHTML mode, it retains whitespace in certain elements such as <PRE>, and it supports certain elements which have no corresponding close tag such as for <BR> and <P>.

The OutputFormat passed in to the constructor is checked for isXHTML() and isExpandEmptyElements(). See `OutputFormat`for details. Here are the rules for this class based on an OutputFormat, "format", passed in to the constructor:

- If an element is in `getOmitElementCloseSet`, then it is treated specially:
  - It never expands, since some browsers treat this as two separate Horizontal Rules: <HR></HR>
  - If `format.isXHTML()`, then it has a space before the closing single-tag slash, since Netscape 4.x- treats this: <HR /> as an element named "HR" with an attribute named "/", but that's better than when it refuses to recognize this: <hr/> which it thinks is an element named "HR/".
- If `format.isXHTML()`, all elements must have either a close element, or be a closed single tag.
- If `format.isExpandEmptyElements()`() is true, all elements are expanded except as above.

Examples

If isXHTML == true, CDATA sections look like this:

     <myelement><![CDATA[My data]]></myelement>

Otherwise, they look like this:

     <myelement>My data</myelement>

Basically, `OutputFormat.isXHTML()` == `true` will produce valid XML, while `format.isExpandEmptyElements()` determines whether empty elements are expanded if isXHTML is true, excepting the special HTML single tags.

Also, HTMLWriter handles tags whose contents should be preformatted, that is, whitespace-preserved. By default, this set includes the tags <PRE>, <SCRIPT>, <STYLE>, and <TEXTAREA>, case insensitively. It does not include <IFRAME>. Other tags, such as <CODE>, <KBD>, <TT>, <VAR>, are usually rendered in a different font in most browsers, but don't preserve whitespace, so they also don't appear in the default list. HTML Comments are always whitespace-preserved. However, the parser you use may store comments with linefeed-only text nodes (\n) even if your platform uses another line.separator character, and HTMLWriter outputs Comment nodes exactly as the DOM is set up by the parser. See examples and discussion here:

Examples

> Pretty Printing

> This example shows how to pretty print a string containing a valid HTML document to a string. You can also just call the static methods of this class:
> `prettyPrintHTML(String)`or
> `prettyPrintHTML(String,boolean,boolean,boolean,boolean)` or,
> `prettyPrintXHTML(String)`for XHTML (note the X)

>      String testPrettyPrint(String html) {
>          StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
>          OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
>          // These are the default values for createPrettyPrint,
>          // so you needn't set them:
>          // format.setNewlines(true);
>          // format.setTrimText(true);</font>
>          format.setXHTML(true);
>          HTMLWriter writer = new HTMLWriter(sw, format);
>          Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(html);
>          writer.write(document);
>          writer.flush();
>          return sw.toString();
>      }

> This example shows how to create a "squeezed" document, but one that will work in browsers even if the browser line length is limited. No newlines are included, no extra whitespace at all, except where it it required by `setPreformattedTags`.

>      String testCrunch(String html) {
>          StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
>          OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
>          format.setNewlines(false);
>          format.setTrimText(true);
>          format.setIndent("");
>          format.setXHTML(true);
>          format.setExpandEmptyElements(false);
>          format.setNewLineAfterNTags(20);
>          org.dom4j.io.HTMLWriter writer = new HTMLWriter(sw, format);
>          org.dom4j.Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(html);
>          writer.write(document);
>          writer.flush();
>          return sw.toString();
>      }

Version:
  $Revision: 1.21 $
Author:
  James Strachan , Laramie Crocker

Field Summary
`protected static OutputFormat` | `DEFAULT_HTML_FORMAT`
`protected static HashSet` | `DEFAULT_PREFORMATTED_TAGS`

Fields inherited from class org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter
`DEFAULT_FORMAT, lastOutputNodeType, LEXICAL_HANDLER_NAMES, preserve, writer`

Constructor Summary
`HTMLWriter()`
`HTMLWriter(OutputFormat format)`
`HTMLWriter(OutputStream out)`
`HTMLWriter(OutputStream out, OutputFormat format)`
`HTMLWriter(Writer writer)`
`HTMLWriter(Writer writer, OutputFormat format)`

Method Summary
`void` | `endCDATA()`
`Set` | `getOmitElementCloseSet()` A clone of the Set of elements that can have their close-tags omitted.
`Set` | `getPreformattedTags()`
`boolean` | `isPreformattedTag(String qualifiedName)` DOCUMENT ME!
`protected void` | `loadOmitElementCloseSet(Set set)`
`protected boolean` | `omitElementClose(String qualifiedName)`
`static String` | `prettyPrintHTML(String html)` Convenience method to just get a String result.
`static String` | `prettyPrintHTML(String html, boolean newlines, boolean trim, boolean isXHTML, boolean expandEmpty)` DOCUMENT ME!
`static String` | `prettyPrintXHTML(String html)` Convenience method to just get a String result, but As XHTML .
`void` | `setOmitElementCloseSet(Set newSet)` To use the empty set, pass an empty Set, or null: setOmitElementCloseSet(new HashSet()); or setOmitElementCloseSet(null);
`void` | `setPreformattedTags(Set newSet)` Override the default set, which includes PRE, SCRIPT, STYLE, and TEXTAREA, case insensitively.
`void` | `startCDATA()`
`protected void` | `writeCDATA(String text)`
`protected void` | `writeClose(String qualifiedName)` Overriden method to not close certain element names to avoid wierd behaviour from browsers for versions up to 5.x
`protected void` | `writeDeclaration()` This will write the declaration to the given Writer.
`protected void` | `writeElement(Element element)` This override handles any elements that should not remove whitespace, such as <PRE>, <SCRIPT>, <STYLE>, and <TEXTAREA>.
`protected void` | `writeEmptyElementClose(String qualifiedName)`
`protected void` | `writeEntity(Entity entity)`
`protected void` | `writeString(String text)`

Methods inherited from class org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter
`characters, close, comment, createWriter, defaultMaximumAllowedCharacter, endDocument, endDTD, endElement, endEntity, endPrefixMapping, escapeAttributeEntities, escapeElementEntities, flush, getLexicalHandler, getMaximumAllowedCharacter, getOutputFormat, getProperty, handleException, ignorableWhitespace, indent, installLexicalHandler, isElementSpacePreserved, isEscapeText, isExpandEmptyElements, isNamespaceDeclaration, notationDecl, parse, println, processingInstruction, resolveEntityRefs, setDocumentLocator, setEscapeText, setIndentLevel, setLexicalHandler, setMaximumAllowedCharacter, setOutputStream, setProperty, setResolveEntityRefs, setWriter, shouldEncodeChar, startDocument, startDTD, startElement, startEntity, startPrefixMapping, unparsedEntityDecl, write, write, write, write, write, write, write, write, write, write, write, write, write, writeAttribute, writeAttribute, writeAttributes, writeAttributes, writeClose, writeComment, writeDocType, writeDocType, writeElementContent, writeEntityRef, writeEscapeAttributeEntities, writeNamespace, writeNamespace, writeNamespaces, writeNode, writeNodeText, writeOpen, writePrintln, writeProcessingInstruction`

Methods inherited from class org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLFilterImpl
`error, fatalError, getContentHandler, getDTDHandler, getEntityResolver, getErrorHandler, getFeature, getParent, parse, resolveEntity, setContentHandler, setDTDHandler, setEntityResolver, setErrorHandler, setFeature, setParent, skippedEntity, warning`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

### DEFAULT_PREFORMATTED_TAGS

    protected static final HashSet DEFAULT_PREFORMATTED_TAGS

### DEFAULT_HTML_FORMAT

    protected static final OutputFormat DEFAULT_HTML_FORMAT

Constructor Detail

### HTMLWriter

    public HTMLWriter(Writer writer)

### HTMLWriter

    public HTMLWriter(Writer writer,
                      OutputFormat format)

### HTMLWriter

    public HTMLWriter()
               throws UnsupportedEncodingException

### HTMLWriter

    public HTMLWriter(OutputFormat format)
               throws UnsupportedEncodingException

### HTMLWriter

    public HTMLWriter(OutputStream out)
               throws UnsupportedEncodingException

### HTMLWriter

    public HTMLWriter(OutputStream out,
                      OutputFormat format)
               throws UnsupportedEncodingException

Method Detail

### startCDATA

    public void startCDATA()
                    throws SAXException

  Specified by:
    `startCDATA` in interface `LexicalHandler`
  Overrides:
    `startCDATA` in class `XMLWriter`
  Throws:
    `SAXException`

### endCDATA

    public void endCDATA()
                  throws SAXException

  Specified by:
    `endCDATA` in interface `LexicalHandler`
  Overrides:
    `endCDATA` in class `XMLWriter`
  Throws:
    `SAXException`

### writeCDATA

    protected void writeCDATA(String text)
                       throws IOException

  Overrides:
    `writeCDATA` in class `XMLWriter`
  Throws:
    `IOException`

### writeEntity

    protected void writeEntity(Entity entity)
                        throws IOException

  Overrides:
    `writeEntity` in class `XMLWriter`
  Throws:
    `IOException`

### writeDeclaration

    protected void writeDeclaration()
                             throws IOException

  Description copied from class: `XMLWriter`

  This will write the declaration to the given Writer. Assumes XML version 1.0 since we don't directly know.

  Overrides:
    `writeDeclaration` in class `XMLWriter`
  Throws:
    `IOException` - DOCUMENT ME!

### writeString

    protected void writeString(String text)
                        throws IOException

  Overrides:
    `writeString` in class `XMLWriter`
  Throws:
    `IOException`

### writeClose

    protected void writeClose(String qualifiedName)
                       throws IOException

  Overriden method to not close certain element names to avoid wierd behaviour from browsers for versions up to 5.x

  Overrides:
    `writeClose` in class `XMLWriter`
  Parameters:
    `qualifiedName` - DOCUMENT ME!
  Throws:
    `IOException` - DOCUMENT ME!

### writeEmptyElementClose

    protected void writeEmptyElementClose(String qualifiedName)
                                   throws IOException

  Overrides:
    `writeEmptyElementClose` in class `XMLWriter`
  Throws:
    `IOException`

### omitElementClose

    protected boolean omitElementClose(String qualifiedName)

### loadOmitElementCloseSet

    protected void loadOmitElementCloseSet(Set set)

### getOmitElementCloseSet

    public Set getOmitElementCloseSet()

  A clone of the Set of elements that can have their close-tags omitted. By default it should be "AREA", "BASE", "BR", "COL", "HR", "IMG", "INPUT", "LINK", "META", "P", "PARAM"

  Returns:
    A clone of the Set.

### setOmitElementCloseSet

    public void setOmitElementCloseSet(Set newSet)

  To use the empty set, pass an empty Set, or null:

             setOmitElementCloseSet(new HashSet());
           or
             setOmitElementCloseSet(null);

  Parameters:
    `newSet` - DOCUMENT ME!

### getPreformattedTags

    public Set getPreformattedTags()

  See Also:
    `setPreformattedTags`

### setPreformattedTags

    public void setPreformattedTags(Set newSet)

  Override the default set, which includes PRE, SCRIPT, STYLE, and TEXTAREA, case insensitively.

  Setting Preformatted Tags

  Pass in a Set of Strings, one for each tag name that should be treated like a PRE tag. You may pass in null or an empty Set to assign the empty set, in which case no tags will be treated as preformatted, except that HTML Comments will continue to be preformatted. If a tag is included in the set of preformatted tags, all whitespace within the tag will be preserved, including whitespace on the same line preceding the close tag. This will generally make the close tag not line up with the start tag, but it preserves the intention of the whitespace within the tag.

  The browser considers leading whitespace before the close tag to be significant, but leading whitespace before the open tag to be insignificant. For example, if the HTML author doesn't put the close TEXTAREA tag flush to the left margin, then the TEXTAREA control in the browser will have spaces on the last line inside the control. This may be the HTML author's intent. Similarly, in a PRE, the browser treats a flushed left close PRE tag as different from a close tag with leading whitespace. Again, this must be left up to the HTML author.

  Examples

  > Here is an example of how you can set the PreformattedTags list using setPreformattedTags to include IFRAME, as well as the default set, if you have an instance of this class named myHTMLWriter:

  >      Set current = myHTMLWriter.getPreformattedTags();
  >      current.add("IFRAME");
  >      myHTMLWriter.setPreformattedTags(current);

  >      //The set is now <b>PRE, SCRIPT, STYLE, TEXTAREA, IFRAME</b>

  > Similarly, you can simply replace it with your own:

  >            HashSet newset = new HashSet();
  >            newset.add("PRE");
  >            newset.add("TEXTAREA");
  >            myHTMLWriter.setPreformattedTags(newset);

  >            //The set is now <b>{PRE, TEXTAREA}</b>

  > You can remove all tags from the preformatted tags list, with an empty set, like this:

  >            myHTMLWriter.setPreformattedTags(new HashSet());

  >            //The set is now <b>{}</b>

  > or with null, like this:

  >            myHTMLWriter.setPreformattedTags(null);

  >            //The set is now <b>{}</b>

  Parameters:
    `newSet` - DOCUMENT ME!

### isPreformattedTag

    public boolean isPreformattedTag(String qualifiedName)

  DOCUMENT ME!

  Parameters:
    `qualifiedName` - DOCUMENT ME!
  Returns:
    true if the qualifiedName passed in matched (case-insensitively) a tag in the preformattedTags set, or false if not found or if the set is empty or null.
  See Also:
    `setPreformattedTags`

### writeElement

    protected void writeElement(Element element)
                         throws IOException

  This override handles any elements that should not remove whitespace, such as <PRE>, <SCRIPT>, <STYLE>, and <TEXTAREA>. Note: the close tags won't line up with the open tag, but we can't alter that. See javadoc note at setPreformattedTags.

  Overrides:
    `writeElement` in class `XMLWriter`
  Parameters:
    `element` - DOCUMENT ME!
  Throws:
    `IOException` - When the stream could not be written to.
  See Also:
    `setPreformattedTags`

### prettyPrintHTML

    public static String prettyPrintHTML(String html)
                                  throws IOException,
                                         UnsupportedEncodingException,
                                         DocumentException

  Convenience method to just get a String result.

  Parameters:
    `html` - DOCUMENT ME!
  Returns:
    a pretty printed String from the source string, preserving whitespace in the defaultPreformattedTags set, and leaving the close tags off of the default omitElementCloseSet set. Use one of the write methods if you want stream output.
  Throws:
    `IOException`
    `UnsupportedEncodingException`
    `DocumentException`

### prettyPrintXHTML

    public static String prettyPrintXHTML(String html)
                                   throws IOException,
                                          UnsupportedEncodingException,
                                          DocumentException

  Convenience method to just get a String result, but As XHTML .

  Parameters:
    `html` - DOCUMENT ME!
  Returns:
    a pretty printed String from the source string, preserving whitespace in the defaultPreformattedTags set, but conforming to XHTML: no close tags are omitted (though if empty, they will be converted to XHTML empty tags: <HR/> Use one of the write methods if you want stream output.
  Throws:
    `IOException`
    `UnsupportedEncodingException`
    `DocumentException`

### prettyPrintHTML

    public static String prettyPrintHTML(String html,
                                         boolean newlines,
                                         boolean trim,
                                         boolean isXHTML,
                                         boolean expandEmpty)
                                  throws IOException,
                                         UnsupportedEncodingException,
                                         DocumentException

  DOCUMENT ME!

  Parameters:
    `html` - DOCUMENT ME!
    `newlines` - DOCUMENT ME!
    `trim` - DOCUMENT ME!
    `isXHTML` - DOCUMENT ME!
    `expandEmpty` - DOCUMENT ME!
  Returns:
    a pretty printed String from the source string, preserving whitespace in the defaultPreformattedTags set, and leaving the close tags off of the default omitElementCloseSet set. This override allows you to specify various formatter options. Use one of the write methods if you want stream output.
  Throws:
    `IOException`
    `UnsupportedEncodingException`
    `DocumentException`

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